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(countable,uncountable) A pattern along the top of a parapet (fortifiedwall), most often in the form of multiple, regular, rectangular spaces in the top of the wall, through which arrows or other weaponry may be shot, especially as used in medieval European architecture.
1922, Michael Arlen, “3/6/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:
This villa was long and low and white, and severe after its manner : for upon and about it were none of those playful ebullitions of taste, such as conical towers, domed roofs, embattlements, statues, coloured tiles and crenellations, such as are dear to architects of villas all the world over.
(uncountable) The act of crenellating; adding a top row that looks like the top of a medieval castle.
(countable) Any of a series of notches with fancied resemblance to such battlements, as for example around the bezel of a flashlight.
castellation(overlaps synonymously in the architectural sense; coordinate in the machinery sense, whereas the same concept is invoked but the words are used in idiomatically non-interchangeable ways, as with crenellated flashlight bezels but castellated nuts)