dénigrer

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dēnigrāre, dēnigrō (“to blacken”).

Pronunciation

Verb

dénigrer

  1. to denigrate (to criticise or defame)

Conjugation

Conjugation of dénigrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple dénigrer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple dénigrant
/de.ni.ɡʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle dénigré
/de.ni.ɡʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/ 		dénigres
/de.niɡʁ/ 		dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/ 		dénigrons
/de.ni.ɡʁɔ̃/ 		dénigrez
/de.ni.ɡʁe/ 		dénigrent
/de.niɡʁ/
imperfect dénigrais
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/ 		dénigrais
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/ 		dénigrait
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/ 		dénigrions
/de.ni.ɡʁi.jɔ̃/ 		dénigriez
/de.ni.ɡʁi.je/ 		dénigraient
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/
past historic2 dénigrai
/de.ni.ɡʁe/ 		dénigras
/de.ni.ɡʁa/ 		dénigra
/de.ni.ɡʁa/ 		dénigrâmes
/de.ni.ɡʁam/ 		dénigrâtes
/de.ni.ɡʁat/ 		dénigrèrent
/de.ni.ɡʁɛʁ/
future dénigrerai
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁe/ 		dénigreras
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁa/ 		dénigrera
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁa/ 		dénigrerons
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɔ̃/ 		dénigrerez
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁe/ 		dénigreront
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional dénigrerais
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/ 		dénigrerais
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/ 		dénigrerait
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/ 		dénigrerions
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		dénigreriez
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁje/ 		dénigreraient
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/ 		dénigres
/de.niɡʁ/ 		dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/ 		dénigrions
/de.ni.ɡʁi.jɔ̃/ 		dénigriez
/de.ni.ɡʁi.je/ 		dénigrent
/de.niɡʁ/
imperfect2 dénigrasse
/de.ni.ɡʁas/ 		dénigrasses
/de.ni.ɡʁas/ 		dénigrât
/de.ni.ɡʁa/ 		dénigrassions
/de.ni.ɡʁa.sjɔ̃/ 		dénigrassiez
/de.ni.ɡʁa.sje/ 		dénigrassent
/de.ni.ɡʁas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/ 		— dénigrons
/de.ni.ɡʁɔ̃/ 		dénigrez
/de.ni.ɡʁe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

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