estouffer

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Middle French

Etymology

Probably from Germanic, akin to Old High German stopfon (“to stop up”), probably ultimately from Medieval Latin stuppare (“to clog up with tow”), from stuppa (“tow”).

Verb

estouffer

  1. to choke (prevent from breathing)
  2. (figuratively) to strangle (inhibit, prevent)

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of estouffer
infinitive simple estouffer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple estouffant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle estouffé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present estouffe estouffes estouffe estouffons estouffez estouffent
imperfect estouffois, estouffoys estouffois, estouffoys estouffoit, estouffoyt estouffions, estouffyons estouffiez, estouffyez estouffoient, estouffoyent
past historic estouffa estouffas estouffa estouffasmes estouffastes estoufferent
future estoufferai, estoufferay estoufferas estouffera estoufferons estoufferez estoufferont
conditional estoufferois, estoufferoys estoufferois, estoufferoys estoufferoit, estoufferoyt estoufferions, estoufferyons estoufferiez, estoufferyez estoufferoient, estoufferoyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present estouffe estouffes estouffe estouffons estouffez estouffent
imperfect estouffasse estouffasses estouffast estouffassions estouffassiez estouffassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — estouffe — estouffons estouffez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: étouffer
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