ethwasa

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Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /etʰwaːsa/

Verb

-ethwása

  1. to emerge anew (of a season, new moon, or personal state)

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive ukwethwasa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukwethwasa ukungethwasi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yethwasa -ethwase
Plural yethwasani -ethwaseni
Stative
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngethwese engethwese ngethwese angethwese engingethwese ngingethwese
2nd singular wethwese owethwese wethwese awethwese ongethwese ungethwese
1st plural sethwese esethwese sethwese asethwese esingethwese singethwese
2nd plural nethwese enethwese nethwese anethwese eningethwese ningethwese
Class 1 wethwese owethwese ethwese akethwese ongethwese engethwese
Class 2 bethwese abethwese bethwese abethwese abangethwese bengethwese
Class 3 wethwese owethwese wethwese awethwese ongethwese ongethwese
Class 4 yethwese eyethwese yethwese ayethwese engethwese ingethwese
Class 5 lethwese elethwese lethwese alethwese elingethwese lingethwese
Class 6 ethwese ethwese ethwese awethwese angethwese engethwese
Class 7 sethwese esethwese sethwese asethwese esingethwese singethwese
Class 8 zethwese ezethwese zethwese azethwese ezingethwese zingethwese
Class 9 yethwese eyethwese yethwese ayethwese engethwese ingethwese
Class 10 zethwese ezethwese zethwese azethwese ezingethwese zingethwese
Class 11 lwethwese olwethwese lwethwese alwethwese olungethwese lungethwese
Class 14 bethwese obethwese bethwese abethwese obungethwese bungethwese
Class 15 kwethwese okwethwese kwethwese akwethwese okungethwese kungethwese
Class 17 kwethwese okwethwese kwethwese akwethwese okungethwese kungethwese
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyethwasa, ngethwasa engethwasayo, engethwasa ngethwasa angethwasi engingethwasi ngingethwasi
2nd singular uyethwasa, wethwasa owethwasayo, owethwasa wethwasa awethwasi ongethwasi ungethwasi
1st plural siyethwasa, sethwasa esethwasayo, esethwasa sethwasa asethwasi esingethwasi singethwasi
2nd plural niyethwasa, nethwasa enethwasayo, enethwasa nethwasa anethwasi eningethwasi ningethwasi
Class 1 uyethwasa, wethwasa owethwasayo, owethwasa ethwasa akethwasi ongethwasi engethwasi
Class 2 bayethwasa, bethwasa abethwasayo, abethwasa bethwasa abethwasi abangethwasi bengethwasi
Class 3 uyethwasa, wethwasa owethwasayo, owethwasa wethwasa awethwasi ongethwasi ungethwasi
Class 4 iyethwasa, yethwasa eyethwasayo, eyethwasa yethwasa ayethwasi engethwasi ingethwasi
Class 5 liyethwasa, lethwasa elethwasayo, elethwasa lethwasa alethwasi elingethwasi lingethwasi
Class 6 ayethwasa, ethwasa ethwasayo, ethwasa ethwasa awethwasi angethwasi engethwasi
Class 7 siyethwasa, sethwasa esethwasayo, esethwasa sethwasa asethwasi esingethwasi singethwasi
Class 8 ziyethwasa, zethwasa ezethwasayo, ezethwasa zethwasa azethwasi ezingethwasi zingethwasi
Class 9 iyethwasa, yethwasa eyethwasayo, eyethwasa yethwasa ayethwasi engethwasi ingethwasi
Class 10 ziyethwasa, zethwasa ezethwasayo, ezethwasa zethwasa azethwasi ezingethwasi zingethwasi
Class 11 luyethwasa, lwethwasa olwethwasayo, olwethwasa lwethwasa alwethwasi olungethwasi lungethwasi
Class 14 buyethwasa, bethwasa obethwasayo, obethwasa bethwasa abethwasi obungethwasi bungethwasi
Class 15 kuyethwasa, kwethwasa okwethwasayo, okwethwasa kwethwasa akwethwasi okungethwasi kungethwasi
Class 17 kuyethwasa, kwethwasa okwethwasayo, okwethwasa kwethwasa akwethwasi okungethwasi kungethwasi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngethwasile, ngethwasē engethwasile, engethwasē ngethwasile, ngethwasē angethwasanga engingethwasanga ngingethwasanga
2nd singular wethwasile, wethwasē owethwasile, owethwasē wethwasile, wethwasē awethwasanga ongethwasanga ungethwasanga
1st plural sethwasile, sethwasē esethwasile, esethwasē sethwasile, sethwasē asethwasanga esingethwasanga singethwasanga
2nd plural nethwasile, nethwasē enethwasile, enethwasē nethwasile, nethwasē anethwasanga eningethwasanga ningethwasanga
Class 1 wethwasile, wethwasē owethwasile, owethwasē ethwasile, ethwasē akethwasanga ongethwasanga engethwasanga
Class 2 bethwasile, bethwasē abethwasile, abethwasē bethwasile, bethwasē abethwasanga abangethwasanga bengethwasanga
Class 3 wethwasile, wethwasē owethwasile, owethwasē wethwasile, wethwasē awethwasanga ongethwasanga ungethwasanga
Class 4 yethwasile, yethwasē eyethwasile, eyethwasē yethwasile, yethwasē ayethwasanga engethwasanga ingethwasanga
Class 5 lethwasile, lethwasē elethwasile, elethwasē lethwasile, lethwasē alethwasanga elingethwasanga lingethwasanga
Class 6 ethwasile, ethwasē ethwasile, ethwasē ethwasile, ethwasē awethwasanga angethwasanga engethwasanga
Class 7 sethwasile, sethwasē esethwasile, esethwasē sethwasile, sethwasē asethwasanga esingethwasanga singethwasanga
Class 8 zethwasile, zethwasē ezethwasile, ezethwasē zethwasile, zethwasē azethwasanga ezingethwasanga zingethwasanga
Class 9 yethwasile, yethwasē eyethwasile, eyethwasē yethwasile, yethwasē ayethwasanga engethwasanga ingethwasanga
Class 10 zethwasile, zethwasē ezethwasile, ezethwasē zethwasile, zethwasē azethwasanga ezingethwasanga zingethwasanga
Class 11 lwethwasile, lwethwasē olwethwasile, olwethwasē lwethwasile, lwethwasē alwethwasanga olungethwasanga lungethwasanga
Class 14 bethwasile, bethwasē obethwasile, obethwasē bethwasile, bethwasē abethwasanga obungethwasanga bungethwasanga
Class 15 kwethwasile, kwethwasē okwethwasile, okwethwasē kwethwasile, kwethwasē akwethwasanga okungethwasanga kungethwasanga
Class 17 kwethwasile, kwethwasē okwethwasile, okwethwasē kwethwasile, kwethwasē akwethwasanga okungethwasanga kungethwasanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngēthwasa engēthwasa ngēthwasa angethwasanga engingethwasanga ngingethwasanga
2nd singular wēthwasa owēthwasa wēthwasa awethwasanga ongethwasanga ungethwasanga
1st plural sēthwasa esēthwasa sēthwasa asethwasanga esingethwasanga singethwasanga
2nd plural nēthwasa enēthwasa nēthwasa anethwasanga eningethwasanga ningethwasanga
Class 1 wēthwasa owēthwasa ēthwasa akethwasanga ongethwasanga engethwasanga
Class 2 bēthwasa abēthwasa bēthwasa abethwasanga abangethwasanga bengethwasanga
Class 3 wēthwasa owēthwasa wēthwasa awethwasanga ongethwasanga ungethwasanga
Class 4 yēthwasa eyēthwasa yēthwasa ayethwasanga engethwasanga ingethwasanga
Class 5 lēthwasa elēthwasa lēthwasa alethwasanga elingethwasanga lingethwasanga
Class 6 ēthwasa ēthwasa ēthwasa awethwasanga angethwasanga engethwasanga
Class 7 sēthwasa esēthwasa sēthwasa asethwasanga esingethwasanga singethwasanga
Class 8 zēthwasa ezēthwasa zēthwasa azethwasanga ezingethwasanga zingethwasanga
Class 9 yēthwasa eyēthwasa yēthwasa ayethwasanga engethwasanga ingethwasanga
Class 10 zēthwasa ezēthwasa zēthwasa azethwasanga ezingethwasanga zingethwasanga
Class 11 lwēthwasa olwēthwasa lwēthwasa alwethwasanga olungethwasanga lungethwasanga
Class 14 bēthwasa obēthwasa bēthwasa abethwasanga obungethwasanga bungethwasanga
Class 15 kwēthwasa okwēthwasa kwēthwasa akwethwasanga okungethwasanga kungethwasanga
Class 17 kwēthwasa okwēthwasa kwēthwasa akwethwasanga okungethwasanga kungethwasanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingethwasa — ngingethwasa ngingethwase — ngingethwase
2nd singular ungethwasa — ungethwasa ungethwase — ungethwase
1st plural singethwasa — singethwasa singethwase — singethwase
2nd plural ningethwasa — ningethwasa ningethwase — ningethwase
Class 1 angethwasa — engethwasa angethwase — engethwase
Class 2 bangethwasa — bengethwasa bangethwase — bengethwase
Class 3 ungethwasa — ungethwasa ungethwase — ungethwase
Class 4 ingethwasa — ingethwasa ingethwase — ingethwase
Class 5 lingethwasa — lingethwasa lingethwase — lingethwase
Class 6 angethwasa — engethwasa angethwase — engethwase
Class 7 singethwasa — singethwasa singethwase — singethwase
Class 8 zingethwasa — zingethwasa zingethwase — zingethwase
Class 9 ingethwasa — ingethwasa ingethwase — ingethwase
Class 10 zingethwasa — zingethwasa zingethwase — zingethwase
Class 11 lungethwasa — lungethwasa lungethwase — lungethwase
Class 14 bungethwasa — bungethwasa bungethwase — bungethwase
Class 15 kungethwasa — kungethwasa kungethwase — kungethwase
Class 17 kungethwasa — kungethwasa kungethwase — kungethwase
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokwethwasa engizokwethwasa ngizokwethwasa angizukwethwasa engingezukwethwasa ngingezukwethwasa
2nd singular uzokwethwasa ozokwethwasa uzokwethwasa awuzukwethwasa ongezukwethwasa ungezukwethwasa
1st plural sizokwethwasa esizokwethwasa sizokwethwasa asizukwethwasa esingezukwethwasa singezukwethwasa
2nd plural nizokwethwasa enizokwethwasa nizokwethwasa anizukwethwasa eningezukwethwasa ningezukwethwasa
Class 1 uzokwethwasa ozokwethwasa ezokwethwasa akazukwethwasa ongezukwethwasa engezukwethwasa
Class 2 bazokwethwasa abazokwethwasa bezokwethwasa abazukwethwasa abangezukwethwasa bengezukwethwasa
Class 3 uzokwethwasa ozokwethwasa uzokwethwasa awuzukwethwasa ongezukwethwasa ungezukwethwasa
Class 4 izokwethwasa ezokwethwasa izokwethwasa ayizukwethwasa engezukwethwasa ingezukwethwasa
Class 5 lizokwethwasa elizokwethwasa lizokwethwasa alizukwethwasa elingezukwethwasa lingezukwethwasa
Class 6 azokwethwasa azokwethwasa ezokwethwasa awazukwethwasa angezukwethwasa engezukwethwasa
Class 7 sizokwethwasa esizokwethwasa sizokwethwasa asizukwethwasa esingezukwethwasa singezukwethwasa
Class 8 zizokwethwasa ezizokwethwasa zizokwethwasa azizukwethwasa ezingezukwethwasa zingezukwethwasa
Class 9 izokwethwasa ezokwethwasa izokwethwasa ayizukwethwasa engezukwethwasa ingezukwethwasa
Class 10 zizokwethwasa ezizokwethwasa zizokwethwasa azizukwethwasa ezingezukwethwasa zingezukwethwasa
Class 11 luzokwethwasa oluzokwethwasa luzokwethwasa aluzukwethwasa olungezukwethwasa lungezukwethwasa
Class 14 buzokwethwasa obuzokwethwasa buzokwethwasa abuzukwethwasa obungezukwethwasa bungezukwethwasa
Class 15 kuzokwethwasa okuzokwethwasa kuzokwethwasa akuzukwethwasa okungezukwethwasa kungezukwethwasa
Class 17 kuzokwethwasa okuzokwethwasa kuzokwethwasa akuzukwethwasa okungezukwethwasa kungezukwethwasa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokwethwasa engiyokwethwasa ngiyokwethwasa angiyukwethwasa engingeyukwethwasa ngingeyukwethwasa
2nd singular uyokwethwasa oyokwethwasa uyokwethwasa awuyukwethwasa ongeyukwethwasa ungeyukwethwasa
1st plural siyokwethwasa esiyokwethwasa siyokwethwasa asiyukwethwasa esingeyukwethwasa singeyukwethwasa
2nd plural niyokwethwasa eniyokwethwasa niyokwethwasa aniyukwethwasa eningeyukwethwasa ningeyukwethwasa
Class 1 uyokwethwasa oyokwethwasa eyokwethwasa akayukwethwasa ongeyukwethwasa engeyukwethwasa
Class 2 bayokwethwasa abayokwethwasa beyokwethwasa abayukwethwasa abangeyukwethwasa bengeyukwethwasa
Class 3 uyokwethwasa oyokwethwasa uyokwethwasa awuyukwethwasa ongeyukwethwasa ungeyukwethwasa
Class 4 iyokwethwasa eyokwethwasa iyokwethwasa ayiyukwethwasa engeyukwethwasa ingeyukwethwasa
Class 5 liyokwethwasa eliyokwethwasa liyokwethwasa aliyukwethwasa elingeyukwethwasa lingeyukwethwasa
Class 6 ayokwethwasa ayokwethwasa eyokwethwasa awayukwethwasa angeyukwethwasa engeyukwethwasa
Class 7 siyokwethwasa esiyokwethwasa siyokwethwasa asiyukwethwasa esingeyukwethwasa singeyukwethwasa
Class 8 ziyokwethwasa eziyokwethwasa ziyokwethwasa aziyukwethwasa ezingeyukwethwasa zingeyukwethwasa
Class 9 iyokwethwasa eyokwethwasa iyokwethwasa ayiyukwethwasa engeyukwethwasa ingeyukwethwasa
Class 10 ziyokwethwasa eziyokwethwasa ziyokwethwasa aziyukwethwasa ezingeyukwethwasa zingeyukwethwasa
Class 11 luyokwethwasa oluyokwethwasa luyokwethwasa aluyukwethwasa olungeyukwethwasa lungeyukwethwasa
Class 14 buyokwethwasa obuyokwethwasa buyokwethwasa abuyukwethwasa obungeyukwethwasa bungeyukwethwasa
Class 15 kuyokwethwasa okuyokwethwasa kuyokwethwasa akuyukwethwasa okungeyukwethwasa kungeyukwethwasa
Class 17 kuyokwethwasa okuyokwethwasa kuyokwethwasa akuyukwethwasa okungeyukwethwasa kungeyukwethwasa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngethwase ngingethwasi
2nd singular wethwase ungethwasi
1st plural sethwase singethwasi
2nd plural nethwase ningethwasi
Class 1 ethwase angethwasi
Class 2 bethwase bangethwasi
Class 3 wethwase ungethwasi
Class 4 yethwase ingethwasi
Class 5 lethwase lingethwasi
Class 6 ethwase angethwasi
Class 7 sethwase singethwasi
Class 8 zethwase zingethwasi
Class 9 yethwase ingethwasi
Class 10 zethwase zingethwasi
Class 11 lwethwase lungethwasi
Class 14 bethwase bungethwasi
Class 15 kwethwase kungethwasi
Class 17 kwethwase kungethwasi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngethwasa ngangethwasa, angethwasa, angangethwasa
2nd singular wethwasa wangethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa
1st plural sethwasa sangethwasa, asethwasa, asangethwasa
2nd plural nethwasa nangethwasa, anethwasa, anangethwasa
Class 1 wethwasa wangethwasa, akethwasa, akangethwasa
Class 2 bethwasa bangethwasa, abethwasa, abangethwasa
Class 3 wethwasa wangethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa
Class 4 yethwasa yangethwasa, ayethwasa, ayangethwasa
Class 5 lethwasa langethwasa, alethwasa, alangethwasa
Class 6 ethwasa angethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa
Class 7 sethwasa sangethwasa, asethwasa, asangethwasa
Class 8 zethwasa zangethwasa, azethwasa, azangethwasa
Class 9 yethwasa yangethwasa, ayethwasa, ayangethwasa
Class 10 zethwasa zangethwasa, azethwasa, azangethwasa
Class 11 lwethwasa lwangethwasa, alwethwasa, alwangethwasa
Class 14 bethwasa bangethwasa, abethwasa, abangethwasa
Class 15 kwethwasa kwangethwasa, akwethwasa, akwangethwasa
Class 17 kwethwasa kwangethwasa, akwethwasa, akwangethwasa

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ethwasa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ethwasa (3.2.9)”

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