gcina

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Northern Ndebele

Verb

-gcina

  1. to keep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Phuthi

Verb

-gcina

  1. to keep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Verb

-gcina

  1. to keep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swazi

Verb

-gcina

  1. to end

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gcina

  1. to keep
  2. (transitive) to save

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gcina

  1. (intransitive) to end, to terminate, to be completed
  2. to do finally, to do in the end
  3. (transitive) to keep, to preserve
  4. (transitive) to take care of
  5. (transitive) to observe (laws, rules)
  6. (transitive) to make stick firmly

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive ukugcina
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukugcina ukungagcini
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular gcina -gcine
Plural gcinani -gcineni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyagcina, ngigcina engigcinayo, engigcina ngigcina angigcini engingagcini ngingagcini
2nd singular uyagcina, ugcina ogcinayo, ogcina ugcina awugcini ongagcini ungagcini
1st plural siyagcina, sigcina esigcinayo, esigcina sigcina asigcini esingagcini singagcini
2nd plural niyagcina, nigcina enigcinayo, enigcina nigcina anigcini eningagcini ningagcini
Class 1 uyagcina, ugcina ogcinayo, ogcina egcina akagcini ongagcini engagcini
Class 2 bayagcina, bagcina abagcinayo, abagcina begcina abagcini abangagcini bengagcini
Class 3 uyagcina, ugcina ogcinayo, ogcina ugcina awugcini ongagcini ungagcini
Class 4 iyagcina, igcina egcinayo, egcina igcina ayigcini engagcini ingagcini
Class 5 liyagcina, ligcina eligcinayo, eligcina ligcina aligcini elingagcini lingagcini
Class 6 ayagcina, agcina agcinayo, agcina egcina awagcini angagcini engagcini
Class 7 siyagcina, sigcina esigcinayo, esigcina sigcina asigcini esingagcini singagcini
Class 8 ziyagcina, zigcina ezigcinayo, ezigcina zigcina azigcini ezingagcini zingagcini
Class 9 iyagcina, igcina egcinayo, egcina igcina ayigcini engagcini ingagcini
Class 10 ziyagcina, zigcina ezigcinayo, ezigcina zigcina azigcini ezingagcini zingagcini
Class 11 luyagcina, lugcina olugcinayo, olugcina lugcina alugcini olungagcini lungagcini
Class 14 buyagcina, bugcina obugcinayo, obugcina bugcina abugcini obungagcini bungagcini
Class 15 kuyagcina, kugcina okugcinayo, okugcina kugcina akugcini okungagcini kungagcini
Class 17 kuyagcina, kugcina okugcinayo, okugcina kugcina akugcini okungagcini kungagcini
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngigcinile, ngigcinē engigcinile, engigcinē ngigcinile, ngigcinē angigcinanga engingagcinanga ngingagcinanga
2nd singular ugcinile, ugcinē ogcinile, ogcinē ugcinile, ugcinē awugcinanga ongagcinanga ungagcinanga
1st plural sigcinile, sigcinē esigcinile, esigcinē sigcinile, sigcinē asigcinanga esingagcinanga singagcinanga
2nd plural nigcinile, nigcinē enigcinile, enigcinē nigcinile, nigcinē anigcinanga eningagcinanga ningagcinanga
Class 1 ugcinile, ugcinē ogcinile, ogcinē egcinile, egcinē akagcinanga ongagcinanga engagcinanga
Class 2 bagcinile, bagcinē abagcinile, abagcinē begcinile, begcinē abagcinanga abangagcinanga bengagcinanga
Class 3 ugcinile, ugcinē ogcinile, ogcinē ugcinile, ugcinē awugcinanga ongagcinanga ungagcinanga
Class 4 igcinile, igcinē egcinile, egcinē igcinile, igcinē ayigcinanga engagcinanga ingagcinanga
Class 5 ligcinile, ligcinē eligcinile, eligcinē ligcinile, ligcinē aligcinanga elingagcinanga lingagcinanga
Class 6 agcinile, agcinē agcinile, agcinē egcinile, egcinē awagcinanga angagcinanga engagcinanga
Class 7 sigcinile, sigcinē esigcinile, esigcinē sigcinile, sigcinē asigcinanga esingagcinanga singagcinanga
Class 8 zigcinile, zigcinē ezigcinile, ezigcinē zigcinile, zigcinē azigcinanga ezingagcinanga zingagcinanga
Class 9 igcinile, igcinē egcinile, egcinē igcinile, igcinē ayigcinanga engagcinanga ingagcinanga
Class 10 zigcinile, zigcinē ezigcinile, ezigcinē zigcinile, zigcinē azigcinanga ezingagcinanga zingagcinanga
Class 11 lugcinile, lugcinē olugcinile, olugcinē lugcinile, lugcinē alugcinanga olungagcinanga lungagcinanga
Class 14 bugcinile, bugcinē obugcinile, obugcinē bugcinile, bugcinē abugcinanga obungagcinanga bungagcinanga
Class 15 kugcinile, kugcinē okugcinile, okugcinē kugcinile, kugcinē akugcinanga okungagcinanga kungagcinanga
Class 17 kugcinile, kugcinē okugcinile, okugcinē kugcinile, kugcinē akugcinanga okungagcinanga kungagcinanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāgcina engāgcina ngāgcina angigcinanga engingagcinanga ngingagcinanga
2nd singular wāgcina owāgcina wāgcina awugcinanga ongagcinanga ungagcinanga
1st plural sāgcina esāgcina sāgcina asigcinanga esingagcinanga singagcinanga
2nd plural nāgcina enāgcina nāgcina anigcinanga eningagcinanga ningagcinanga
Class 1 wāgcina owāgcina āgcina akagcinanga ongagcinanga engagcinanga
Class 2 bāgcina abāgcina bāgcina abagcinanga abangagcinanga bengagcinanga
Class 3 wāgcina owāgcina wāgcina awugcinanga ongagcinanga ungagcinanga
Class 4 yāgcina eyāgcina yāgcina ayigcinanga engagcinanga ingagcinanga
Class 5 lāgcina elāgcina lāgcina aligcinanga elingagcinanga lingagcinanga
Class 6 āgcina āgcina āgcina awagcinanga angagcinanga engagcinanga
Class 7 sāgcina esāgcina sāgcina asigcinanga esingagcinanga singagcinanga
Class 8 zāgcina ezāgcina zāgcina azigcinanga ezingagcinanga zingagcinanga
Class 9 yāgcina eyāgcina yāgcina ayigcinanga engagcinanga ingagcinanga
Class 10 zāgcina ezāgcina zāgcina azigcinanga ezingagcinanga zingagcinanga
Class 11 lwāgcina olwāgcina lwāgcina alugcinanga olungagcinanga lungagcinanga
Class 14 bāgcina obāgcina bāgcina abugcinanga obungagcinanga bungagcinanga
Class 15 kwāgcina okwāgcina kwāgcina akugcinanga okungagcinanga kungagcinanga
Class 17 kwāgcina okwāgcina kwāgcina akugcinanga okungagcinanga kungagcinanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingagcina — ngingagcina ngingegcine — ngingegcine
2nd singular ungagcina — ungagcina ungegcine — ungegcine
1st plural singagcina — singagcina singegcine — singegcine
2nd plural ningagcina — ningagcina ningegcine — ningegcine
Class 1 angagcina — engagcina angegcine — engegcine
Class 2 bangagcina — bengagcina bangegcine — bengegcine
Class 3 ungagcina — ungagcina ungegcine — ungegcine
Class 4 ingagcina — ingagcina ingegcine — ingegcine
Class 5 lingagcina — lingagcina lingegcine — lingegcine
Class 6 angagcina — engagcina angegcine — engegcine
Class 7 singagcina — singagcina singegcine — singegcine
Class 8 zingagcina — zingagcina zingegcine — zingegcine
Class 9 ingagcina — ingagcina ingegcine — ingegcine
Class 10 zingagcina — zingagcina zingegcine — zingegcine
Class 11 lungagcina — lungagcina lungegcine — lungegcine
Class 14 bungagcina — bungagcina bungegcine — bungegcine
Class 15 kungagcina — kungagcina kungegcine — kungegcine
Class 17 kungagcina — kungagcina kungegcine — kungegcine
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizogcina engizogcina ngizogcina angizugcina engingezugcina ngingezugcina
2nd singular uzogcina ozogcina uzogcina awuzugcina ongezugcina ungezugcina
1st plural sizogcina esizogcina sizogcina asizugcina esingezugcina singezugcina
2nd plural nizogcina enizogcina nizogcina anizugcina eningezugcina ningezugcina
Class 1 uzogcina ozogcina ezogcina akazugcina ongezugcina engezugcina
Class 2 bazogcina abazogcina bezogcina abazugcina abangezugcina bengezugcina
Class 3 uzogcina ozogcina uzogcina awuzugcina ongezugcina ungezugcina
Class 4 izogcina ezogcina izogcina ayizugcina engezugcina ingezugcina
Class 5 lizogcina elizogcina lizogcina alizugcina elingezugcina lingezugcina
Class 6 azogcina azogcina ezogcina awazugcina angezugcina engezugcina
Class 7 sizogcina esizogcina sizogcina asizugcina esingezugcina singezugcina
Class 8 zizogcina ezizogcina zizogcina azizugcina ezingezugcina zingezugcina
Class 9 izogcina ezogcina izogcina ayizugcina engezugcina ingezugcina
Class 10 zizogcina ezizogcina zizogcina azizugcina ezingezugcina zingezugcina
Class 11 luzogcina oluzogcina luzogcina aluzugcina olungezugcina lungezugcina
Class 14 buzogcina obuzogcina buzogcina abuzugcina obungezugcina bungezugcina
Class 15 kuzogcina okuzogcina kuzogcina akuzugcina okungezugcina kungezugcina
Class 17 kuzogcina okuzogcina kuzogcina akuzugcina okungezugcina kungezugcina
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyogcina engiyogcina ngiyogcina angiyugcina engingeyugcina ngingeyugcina
2nd singular uyogcina oyogcina uyogcina awuyugcina ongeyugcina ungeyugcina
1st plural siyogcina esiyogcina siyogcina asiyugcina esingeyugcina singeyugcina
2nd plural niyogcina eniyogcina niyogcina aniyugcina eningeyugcina ningeyugcina
Class 1 uyogcina oyogcina eyogcina akayugcina ongeyugcina engeyugcina
Class 2 bayogcina abayogcina beyogcina abayugcina abangeyugcina bengeyugcina
Class 3 uyogcina oyogcina uyogcina awuyugcina ongeyugcina ungeyugcina
Class 4 iyogcina eyogcina iyogcina ayiyugcina engeyugcina ingeyugcina
Class 5 liyogcina eliyogcina liyogcina aliyugcina elingeyugcina lingeyugcina
Class 6 ayogcina ayogcina eyogcina awayugcina angeyugcina engeyugcina
Class 7 siyogcina esiyogcina siyogcina asiyugcina esingeyugcina singeyugcina
Class 8 ziyogcina eziyogcina ziyogcina aziyugcina ezingeyugcina zingeyugcina
Class 9 iyogcina eyogcina iyogcina ayiyugcina engeyugcina ingeyugcina
Class 10 ziyogcina eziyogcina ziyogcina aziyugcina ezingeyugcina zingeyugcina
Class 11 luyogcina oluyogcina luyogcina aluyugcina olungeyugcina lungeyugcina
Class 14 buyogcina obuyogcina buyogcina abuyugcina obungeyugcina bungeyugcina
Class 15 kuyogcina okuyogcina kuyogcina akuyugcina okungeyugcina kungeyugcina
Class 17 kuyogcina okuyogcina kuyogcina akuyugcina okungeyugcina kungeyugcina
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngigcine ngingagcini
2nd singular ugcine ungagcini
1st plural sigcine singagcini
2nd plural nigcine ningagcini
Class 1 agcine angagcini
Class 2 bagcine bangagcini
Class 3 ugcine ungagcini
Class 4 igcine ingagcini
Class 5 ligcine lingagcini
Class 6 agcine angagcini
Class 7 sigcine singagcini
Class 8 zigcine zingagcini
Class 9 igcine ingagcini
Class 10 zigcine zingagcini
Class 11 lugcine lungagcini
Class 14 bugcine bungagcini
Class 15 kugcine kungagcini
Class 17 kugcine kungagcini
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngagcina ngangagcina, angagcina, angangagcina
2nd singular wagcina wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina
1st plural sagcina sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina
2nd plural nagcina nangagcina, anagcina, anangagcina
Class 1 wagcina wangagcina, akagcina, akangagcina
Class 2 bagcina bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina
Class 3 wagcina wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina
Class 4 yagcina yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina
Class 5 lagcina langagcina, alagcina, alangagcina
Class 6 agcina angagcina, awagcina, awangagcina
Class 7 sagcina sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina
Class 8 zagcina zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina
Class 9 yagcina yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina
Class 10 zagcina zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina
Class 11 lwagcina lwangagcina, alwagcina, alwangagcina
Class 14 bagcina bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina
Class 15 kwagcina kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina
Class 17 kwagcina kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia