From Middle Welsh gwenwynaw, gwennwynaw, gwennỽynaw, gỽenỽynaỽ. By surface analysis, gwenwyn + -o. The collateral gwenwynu may result from the influence of gwynnu (“whiten”).
gwenwyno (first-person singular present gwenwynaf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | gwenwynaf | gwenwyni | gwenwyn, gwenwyna | gwenwynwn | gwenwynwch | gwenwynant | gwenwynir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
gwenwynwn | gwenwynit | gwenwynai | gwenwynem | gwenwynech | gwenwynent | gwenwynid | |
preterite | gwenwynais | gwenwynaist | gwenwynodd | gwenwynasom | gwenwynasoch | gwenwynasant | gwenwynwyd | |
pluperfect | gwenwynaswn | gwenwynasit | gwenwynasai | gwenwynasem | gwenwynasech | gwenwynasent | gwenwynasid, gwenwynesid | |
present subjunctive | gwenwynwyf | gwenwynych | gwenwyno | gwenwynom | gwenwynoch | gwenwynont | gwenwyner | |
imperative | — | gwenwyn, gwenwyna | gwenwyned | gwenwynwn | gwenwynwch | gwenwynent | gwenwyner | |
verbal noun | gwenwyno | |||||||
verbal adjectives | gwenwynedig gwenwynadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | gwenwyna i, gwenwynaf i | gwenwyni di | gwenwynith o/e/hi, gwenwyniff e/hi | gwenwynwn ni | gwenwynwch chi | gwenwynan nhw |
conditional | gwenwynwn i, gwenwynswn i | gwenwynet ti, gwenwynset ti | gwenwynai fo/fe/hi, gwenwynsai fo/fe/hi | gwenwynen ni, gwenwynsen ni | gwenwynech chi, gwenwynsech chi | gwenwynen nhw, gwenwynsen nhw |
preterite | gwenwynais i, gwenwynes i | gwenwynaist ti, gwenwynest ti | gwenwynodd o/e/hi | gwenwynon ni | gwenwynoch chi | gwenwynon nhw |
imperative | — | gwenwyna | — | — | gwenwynwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
gwenwyno | wenwyno | ngwenwyno | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |