kierunek

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Polish

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Etymology

From kierować +‎ -unek[1][2][3] or borrowed from German Kehrung. First attested in 1786.[4] Compare Kashubian czerënk and Silesian kierōnek.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kjɛˈru.nɛk/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -unɛk
  • Syllabification: kie‧ru‧nek

Noun

kierunek m inan (related adjective kierunkowy)

  1. direction (point toward which an object or person is moving or facing)
    Synonym: strona
  2. direction (laid and planned out mode of action for the future associated with a goal)
    Synonyms: azymut, kurs, linia, tor, wektor
  3. direction; school (general trend for future, especially in i.e. literature)
    Synonyms: izm, nurt, prąd, szkoła, tendencja, trend
  4. (education) major (chosen field of study)
  5. (military) warzone (area where war takes place)
  6. (transport, colloquial) directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker
    Synonyms: kierunkowskaz, migacz
  7. (archaic) direction, heading, leading
    Synonyms: kierowanie, kierownictwo

Declension

Declension of kierunek
singular plural
nominative kierunek kierunki
genitive kierunku kierunków
dative kierunkowi kierunkom
accusative kierunek kierunki
instrumental kierunkiem kierunkami
locative kierunku kierunkach
vocative kierunku kierunki

Derived terms

nouns
preposition
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), kierunek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 71 times in scientific texts, 30 times in news, 67 times in essays, 24 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 194 times, making it the 285th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

References

  1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “kierować”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kierunek”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  3. ^ Mańczak, Witold (2017) “kierować”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  4. ^ Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “kierunek”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “kierunek”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 177

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia