mathru

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Welsh

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *min-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-tew-oh₂. Cognate with Old Irish men (“flour, meal; fine powder, dust”).

Pronunciation

Verb

mathru (first-person singular present sathraf)

  1. to trample
    Synonyms: sathru, damsang, sengi
  2. (figurative) to dominate, to oppress
    Synonyms: arglwyddiaethu, gorthrymu, darostwng, dirmygu
  3. to defile, to pollute
    Synonyms: halogi, lleidio

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future mathraf mathri mathra mathrwn mathrwch mathrant mathrir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		mathrwn mathrit mathrai mathrem mathrech mathrent mathrid
preterite mathrais mathraist mathrodd mathrasom mathrasoch mathrasant mathrwyd
pluperfect mathraswn mathrasit mathrasai mathrasem mathrasech mathrasent mathrasid, mathresid
present subjunctive mathrwyf mathrych mathro mathrom mathroch mathront mathrer
imperative — mathra mathred mathrwn mathrwch mathrent mathrer
verbal noun mathru
verbal adjectives mathredig
mathradwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future m,athra i,
m,athraf i 		m,athri di m,athrith o/e/hi,
m,athriff e/hi 		m,athrwn ni m,athrwch chi m,athran nhw
conditional m,athrwn i,
m,athrswn i 		m,athret ti,
m,athrset ti 		m,athrai fo/fe/hi,
m,athrsai fo/fe/hi 		m,athren ni,
m,athrsen ni 		m,athrech chi,
m,athrsech chi 		m,athren nhw,
m,athrsen nhw
preterite m,athrais i,
m,athres i 		m,athraist ti,
m,athrest ti 		m,athrodd o/e/hi m,athron ni m,athroch chi m,athron nhw
imperative — m,athra — — m,athrwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of mathru
radical soft nasal aspirate
mathru fathru unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “mathru”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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