nꜥj

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Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

n
a
P1

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to travel by boat, to sail
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 172–173:
      n
      a
      t
      P1
      pWir
      n
      n
      Z2
      mxdP1rXnn
      nw
      wpr
      n
      I3I3G7
      nꜥt pw jr.n.n m ḫd r ẖnw n(j) jtj
      What we did was to sail north to the home of the sovereign.

Inflection

Conjugation of nꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: nꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
nꜥt, nꜥj
nꜥw, nꜥ
nꜥt, nꜥwt, nꜥyt
nꜥ
nꜥ, nꜥy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
nꜥ8
ḥr nꜥt, ḥr nꜥj
m nꜥt, m nꜥj
r nꜥt, r nꜥj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect nꜥ.n
nꜥw, nꜥ, nꜥy
consecutive nꜥ.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative nꜥt, nꜥyt
perfective3 nꜥ
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 nꜥ.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective nꜥ, nꜥy
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 nꜥw, nꜥ, nꜥy
nꜥw, nꜥ, nꜥy
potentialis1 nꜥ.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive nꜥ, nꜥy
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect nꜥ.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective nꜥw1, nꜥy, nꜥ
active + .tj1, .tw2
nꜥ
nꜥy, nꜥ
imperfective nꜥ, nꜥy, nꜥw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
nꜥ, nꜥj6, nꜥy6
nꜥ, nꜥw5
prospective nꜥw1, nꜥy, nꜥ, nꜥtj7
nꜥwtj1 4, nꜥtj4, nꜥt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 165, 215.