ojciec

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See also: ôjciec

Polish

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Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish ociec (genitive oćca > Polish ojca) The additional j in the nominative is by analogy with the oblique stem.

Pronunciation

Noun

ojciec m pers (diminutive ojczulek, augmentative ojczysko, abbreviation o. or oo.)

  1. father (human male who begets a child)
    Synonyms: rodzic, rodziciel, papa, staruszek, stary, tata, zgred
  2. father (animal male that begets a child)
  3. (figurative) father (person who instigates something)
    Synonym: twórca
  4. (Christianity) father (member of a church council)
  5. (Christianity) term of address for a priest; father
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ksiądz
  6. term of address for a man; father
  7. (chiefly in the plural) father (ancestory)
  8. (obsolete, endearing) protector
    Synonym: opiekun
  9. (obsolete, pr, dialectal, in the plural) parents
    Synonym: rodzice
  10. (obsolete, games) type of party game
  11. (obsolete, theater) great actor
  12. (obsolete) starost
    Synonym: starosta
  13. (Middle Polish) hermit
    Synonym: pustelnik
  14. (Middle Polish, Christianity) father (the Pope)
    Synonym: papież
  15. (Middle Polish, Christianity) patron
    Synonym: patron
  16. (Middle Polish, theology) scholar, theological writer (expert in the history of the Church and religion)
  17. (Middle Polish) father; Further details are uncertain.
    • 1551, S. Murzynowski, Ortografija polska‎, page Bv:
      Krotkié wymawiáimy i piſzmy wſłowach/ ociec/ wniebie/ mói i twói
    • 1594, J. Januszowski, Nowy karakter‎, page F3v:
      iáko oyćiec od oycá, nie oćiec.

Declension

Declension of ojciec
singular plural
nominative ojciec ojcowie/ojce (deprecative)
genitive ojca ojców
dative ojcu ojcom
accusative ojca ojców
instrumental ojcem ojcami
locative ojcu ojcach
vocative ojcze ojcowie

Derived terms

adjectives
interjection
proverb
nouns
phrase

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ojciec is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 17 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 5 times in essays, 87 times in fiction, and 116 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 238 times, making it the 229th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “ojciec”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ociec”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  3. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ojciec”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 328

Further reading

  • ojciec in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ojciec in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ojciec”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “OJCIEC”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2013 October 17
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ojciec”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ojciec”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “ojciec”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 724
  • Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “ojciec”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
  • ojciec in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
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