psḏj

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Egyptian

Pronunciation

 
  • (as a fourth weak verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈpiscʼit//ˈpistʼiʔ//ˈpestʼa//ˈpestʼə/

Verb

psDN8

 4ae inf. or 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to shine

Inflection

While some authors such as Allen consider this a fourth weak verb psḏj, others regard it as a strong triliteral verb psḏ.

Conjugation of psḏj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: psḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
psḏt, psḏj
psḏw, psḏyw, psḏ
psḏt, psḏwt, psḏyt
psḏ
psḏ, psḏy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
psḏ8
ḥr psḏt, ḥr psḏj
m psḏt, ḥr psḏj
r psḏt, ḥr psḏj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect psḏ.n
consecutive psḏ.jn
terminative psḏt
perfective3 psḏ
obligative1 psḏ.ḫr
imperfective psḏ, psḏy
prospective3 psḏw, psḏ, psḏy
potentialis1 psḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive psḏ, psḏy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect psḏ.n
perfective psḏw1, psḏy, psḏ
psḏ
psḏy, psḏ
imperfective psḏ, psḏy, psḏw5
psḏ, psḏj6, psḏy6
psḏ, psḏw5
prospective psḏw1, psḏy, psḏ, psḏtj7
psḏwtj1 4, psḏtj4, psḏt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Conjugation of psḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: psḏ, geminated stem: psḏḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
psḏ
psḏw, psḏ
psḏt
psḏ
psḏ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
psḏ
ḥr psḏ
m psḏ
r psḏ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect psḏ.n
consecutive psḏ.jn
terminative psḏt
perfective3 psḏ
obligative1 psḏ.ḫr
imperfective psḏ
prospective3 psḏ
potentialis1 psḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive psḏ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect psḏ.n
perfective psḏ
psḏ
psḏ, psḏw5, psḏy5
imperfective psḏ, psḏy, psḏw5
psḏ, psḏj6, psḏy6
psḏ, psḏw5
prospective psḏ, psḏtj7
psḏtj4, psḏt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 175.