rajzik

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Hungarian

Etymology

raj (“swarm, flock”) +‎ -zik (verb-forming suffix)

Pronunciation

Verb

rajzik

  1. (intransitive, of insects, birds) to swarm (to move as a swarm)
  2. (intransitive, of crowd of people or vehicles) to stream, flow, flood, rush (to move in large unorganized groups)
    Synonyms: özönlik, hemzseg, hömpölyög, tódul
  3. (intransitive) to hang around someone and showering attention (followed by körül)
    Synonym: legyeskedik
  4. (intransitive, of thoughts, images in someone's mind) to flow, whirl, swirl
    Synonyms: kavarog, csapong

Conjugation

Although Bárczi and Országh’s dictionary (linked below) claims that its imperative forms are not used, Judit Szépe, Károly Gerstner, and Tamás Szende point it out:[1] The last four verbs (fogamzik ’be conceived’, nemz ’beget’, kirajzik ’hive off’, (el)fajzik ’degenerate’) differ from all the rest in that their imperative forms do exist even though their conditionals with vowel insertion are ill‑formed. Hungarian National Corpus[2] provides one such example sentence.[3]

Conjugation of rajzik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. rajzok rajzol rajzik rajzunk rajzotok rajzanak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. rajzottam rajzottál rajzott rajzottunk rajzottatok rajzottak
def. ―
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rajzani fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. rajzék rajzál rajza rajzánk rajzátok rajzának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajzik vala, rajzott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. rajzandok rajzandasz rajzand rajzandunk rajzandotok rajzandanak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. rajzanék rajzanál rajzana rajzanánk rajzanátok rajzanának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. rajzzak rajzz or
rajzzál 		rajzzon rajzzunk rajzzatok rajzzanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzott légyen
infinitive rajzani rajzanom rajzanod rajzania rajzanunk rajzanotok rajzaniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
rajzás rajzó rajzott ― rajzva (rajzván)
Potential conjugation of rajzik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. rajzhatok rajzhatsz rajzhat rajzhatunk rajzhattok rajzhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. rajzhattam rajzhattál rajzhatott rajzhattunk rajzhattatok rajzhattak
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. rajzhaték rajzhatál rajzhata rajzhatánk rajzhatátok rajzhatának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajzhat vala, rajzhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. rajzhatandok
or rajzandhatok 		rajzhatandasz
or rajzandhatsz 		rajzhatand
or rajzandhat 		rajzhatandunk
or rajzandhatunk 		rajzhatandotok
or rajzandhattok 		rajzhatandanak
or rajzandhatnak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. rajzhatnék rajzhatnál rajzhatna rajzhatnánk rajzhatnátok rajzhatnának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzhatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. rajzhassak rajzhass or
rajzhassál 		rajzhasson rajzhassunk rajzhassatok rajzhassanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzhatott légyen
infinitive (rajzhatni) (rajzhatnom) (rajzhatnod) (rajzhatnia) (rajzhatnunk) (rajzhatnotok) (rajzhatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
― ― (rajzhatva / rajzhatván)

or

Conjugation of rajzik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. rajzok rajzol rajzik rajzunk rajzotok rajzanak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. rajzottam rajzottál rajzott rajzottunk rajzottatok rajzottak
def. ―
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rajzani fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. rajzék rajzál rajza rajzánk rajzátok rajzának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajzik vala, rajzott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. rajzandok rajzandasz rajzand rajzandunk rajzandotok rajzandanak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. rajzanék rajzanál rajzana rajzanánk rajzanátok rajzanának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. rajozzak rajozz or
rajozzál 		rajozzon rajozzunk rajozzatok rajozzanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzott légyen
infinitive rajzani rajzanom rajzanod rajzania rajzanunk rajzanotok rajzaniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
rajzás rajzó rajzott ― rajozva (rajozván)
Potential conjugation of rajzik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. rajozhatok rajozhatsz rajozhat rajozhatunk rajozhattok rajozhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. rajozhattam rajozhattál rajozhatott rajozhattunk rajozhattatok rajozhattak
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. rajzhaték rajzhatál rajzhata rajzhatánk rajzhatátok rajzhatának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajozhat vala, rajozhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. rajozhatandok
or rajzandhatok 		rajozhatandasz
or rajzandhatsz 		rajozhatand
or rajzandhat 		rajozhatandunk
or rajzandhatunk 		rajozhatandotok
or rajzandhattok 		rajozhatandanak
or rajzandhatnak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. rajozhatnék rajozhatnál rajozhatna rajozhatnánk rajozhatnátok rajozhatnának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajozhatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. rajozhassak rajozhass or
rajozhassál 		rajozhasson rajozhassunk rajozhassatok rajozhassanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajozhatott légyen
infinitive (rajozhatni) (rajozhatnom) (rajozhatnod) (rajozhatnia) (rajozhatnunk) (rajozhatnotok) (rajozhatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
― ― (rajozhatva / rajozhatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

  1. ^ Szépe, Judit―Tamás Szende―Károly Gerstner. “Csuklik, kotlik, hámlik. Megjegyzések a hiányos paradigmájú igék módjelezéséről” (’notes on the modal suffixes on verbs with defective conjugation’). Magyar Nyelv (’Hungarian Language’), vol. 100, no. 3, 2004, pp. 358–367. Link at OSZK. English-language version: “On Defective Verbs and Mood Marking in Hungarian”. Linguistica Uralica, vol. 49, no. 2, 2013, pp. 127–141.
  2. ^ Váradi, Tamás PhD et. al. Magyar nemzeti szövegtár, Hungarian National Corpus. (Free registration required.) Nyelvtudományi Intézet (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary).
  3. ^ A muslincák hada rajzzon körül minden játékost (“Let the army of fruit flies swarm around every player”)

Further reading

  • rajzik in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
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