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Egyptian
Etymology
s- (causative prefix) + ḏwj (“to be evil”).
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to slander
Inflection
Conjugation of sḏwj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sḏw, geminated stem: sḏww
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sḏw.n
|
sḏww, sḏw, sḏwy
|
consecutive
|
sḏw.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sḏwt
|
| perfective3
|
sḏw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sḏw.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sḏw, sḏwy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sḏww, sḏw, sḏwy
|
sḏww, sḏw, sḏwy
|
potentialis1
|
sḏw.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sḏw, sḏwy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sḏw.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sḏww1, sḏwy, sḏw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sḏw
|
sḏwy, sḏw
|
| imperfective
|
sḏww, sḏwwy, sḏwww5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sḏww, sḏwwj6, sḏwwy6
|
sḏww, sḏwww5
|
| prospective
|
sḏww1, sḏwy, sḏw, sḏwtj7
|
—
|
sḏwwtj1 4, sḏwtj4, sḏwt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
References
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 121
