sekretarz
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Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from French secrétaire.[1][2] First attested in the 16th century.[3] Compare Kashubian sekretôra.
Pronunciation
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): (16th c.) /sɛˈkrɛ.tɒr̝/, (17th–18th c.) /sɛˈkrɛ.tɒʂ/
Noun
sekretarz m pers (female equivalent sekretarka, related adjective sekretarski)
- secretary (male person keeping records and handling clerical work)
- secretary (person who keeps records, takes notes and handles general clerical work)
- secretary (person who deals with organizational and administrative matters of an institution or organization)
- secretary (managerial or leading position in certain non-profit organizations, such as political parties, trade unions, international organizations)
- secretary (person who holds the highest position in a political organization)
- the highest-ranking local government official, who is the deputy of the city president, mayor, commune head or starosta
- (historical) an official who ran the royal office in former Poland
- Synonym: regent
- in medieval Poland, an honorary title formerly given by the king to scholars and writers
- (politics) secretary (head of a department of the government of the United States of America)
- (obsolete) report editor for a council
- (Middle Polish) confidant; secretary (person with whom one can keep secrets)
- Synonym: powiernik
Declension
Declension of sekretarz
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sekretarz | sekretarze |
| genitive | sekretarza | sekretarzy |
| dative | sekretarzowi | sekretarzom |
| accusative | sekretarza | sekretarzy |
| instrumental | sekretarzem | sekretarzami |
| locative | sekretarzu | sekretarzach |
| vocative | sekretarzu | sekretarze |
Derived terms
nouns
verbs
- sekretarzować impf
Noun
sekretarz m animal
- secretary bird (Sagittarius serpentarius)
- Synonym: wężojad
- (obsolete) a type of party game
Declension
Declension of sekretarz
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sekretarz | sekretarze |
| genitive | sekretarza | sekretarzy |
| dative | sekretarzowi | sekretarzom |
| accusative | sekretarza | sekretarze |
| instrumental | sekretarzem | sekretarzami |
| locative | sekretarzu | sekretarzach |
| vocative | sekretarzu | sekretarze |
Noun
sekretarz m inan
- (obsolete) book of letter boilerplates
Declension
Declension of sekretarz
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sekretarz | sekretarze |
| genitive | sekretarza | sekretarzy |
| dative | sekretarzowi | sekretarzom |
| accusative | sekretarza | sekretarze |
| instrumental | sekretarzem | sekretarzami |
| locative | sekretarzu | sekretarzach |
| vocative | sekretarzu | sekretarze |
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sekretarz is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 2 times in scientific texts, 123 times in news, 22 times in essays, 5 times in fiction, and 3 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 155 times, making it the 371st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]
References
- ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “sekretarz”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “sekretarz”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “sekretarz”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “sekretarz”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 523
Further reading
- sekretarz in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- sekretarz in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “SEKRETARZ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22.10.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “sekretarz”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “sekretarz”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “sekretarz”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 58