Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukushanyela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukushanyela
|
ukungashanyeli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
shanyela
|
-shanyele
|
Plural
|
shanyelani
|
-shanyeleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyashanyela, ngishanyela
|
engishanyelayo, engishanyela
|
ngishanyela
|
angishanyeli
|
engingashanyeli
|
ngingashanyeli
|
2nd singular
|
uyashanyela, ushanyela
|
oshanyelayo, oshanyela
|
ushanyela
|
awushanyeli
|
ongashanyeli
|
ungashanyeli
|
1st plural
|
siyashanyela, sishanyela
|
esishanyelayo, esishanyela
|
sishanyela
|
asishanyeli
|
esingashanyeli
|
singashanyeli
|
2nd plural
|
niyashanyela, nishanyela
|
enishanyelayo, enishanyela
|
nishanyela
|
anishanyeli
|
eningashanyeli
|
ningashanyeli
|
Class 1
|
uyashanyela, ushanyela
|
oshanyelayo, oshanyela
|
eshanyela
|
akashanyeli
|
ongashanyeli
|
engashanyeli
|
Class 2
|
bayashanyela, bashanyela
|
abashanyelayo, abashanyela
|
beshanyela
|
abashanyeli
|
abangashanyeli
|
bengashanyeli
|
Class 3
|
uyashanyela, ushanyela
|
oshanyelayo, oshanyela
|
ushanyela
|
awushanyeli
|
ongashanyeli
|
ungashanyeli
|
Class 4
|
iyashanyela, ishanyela
|
eshanyelayo, eshanyela
|
ishanyela
|
ayishanyeli
|
engashanyeli
|
ingashanyeli
|
Class 5
|
liyashanyela, lishanyela
|
elishanyelayo, elishanyela
|
lishanyela
|
alishanyeli
|
elingashanyeli
|
lingashanyeli
|
Class 6
|
ayashanyela, ashanyela
|
ashanyelayo, ashanyela
|
eshanyela
|
awashanyeli
|
angashanyeli
|
engashanyeli
|
Class 7
|
siyashanyela, sishanyela
|
esishanyelayo, esishanyela
|
sishanyela
|
asishanyeli
|
esingashanyeli
|
singashanyeli
|
Class 8
|
ziyashanyela, zishanyela
|
ezishanyelayo, ezishanyela
|
zishanyela
|
azishanyeli
|
ezingashanyeli
|
zingashanyeli
|
Class 9
|
iyashanyela, ishanyela
|
eshanyelayo, eshanyela
|
ishanyela
|
ayishanyeli
|
engashanyeli
|
ingashanyeli
|
Class 10
|
ziyashanyela, zishanyela
|
ezishanyelayo, ezishanyela
|
zishanyela
|
azishanyeli
|
ezingashanyeli
|
zingashanyeli
|
Class 11
|
luyashanyela, lushanyela
|
olushanyelayo, olushanyela
|
lushanyela
|
alushanyeli
|
olungashanyeli
|
lungashanyeli
|
Class 14
|
buyashanyela, bushanyela
|
obushanyelayo, obushanyela
|
bushanyela
|
abushanyeli
|
obungashanyeli
|
bungashanyeli
|
Class 15
|
kuyashanyela, kushanyela
|
okushanyelayo, okushanyela
|
kushanyela
|
akushanyeli
|
okungashanyeli
|
kungashanyeli
|
Class 17
|
kuyashanyela, kushanyela
|
okushanyelayo, okushanyela
|
kushanyela
|
akushanyeli
|
okungashanyeli
|
kungashanyeli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngishanyelile, ngishanyelē
|
engishanyelile, engishanyelē
|
ngishanyelile, ngishanyelē
|
angishanyelanga
|
engingashanyelanga
|
ngingashanyelanga
|
2nd singular
|
ushanyelile, ushanyelē
|
oshanyelile, oshanyelē
|
ushanyelile, ushanyelē
|
awushanyelanga
|
ongashanyelanga
|
ungashanyelanga
|
1st plural
|
sishanyelile, sishanyelē
|
esishanyelile, esishanyelē
|
sishanyelile, sishanyelē
|
asishanyelanga
|
esingashanyelanga
|
singashanyelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nishanyelile, nishanyelē
|
enishanyelile, enishanyelē
|
nishanyelile, nishanyelē
|
anishanyelanga
|
eningashanyelanga
|
ningashanyelanga
|
Class 1
|
ushanyelile, ushanyelē
|
oshanyelile, oshanyelē
|
eshanyelile, eshanyelē
|
akashanyelanga
|
ongashanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
Class 2
|
bashanyelile, bashanyelē
|
abashanyelile, abashanyelē
|
beshanyelile, beshanyelē
|
abashanyelanga
|
abangashanyelanga
|
bengashanyelanga
|
Class 3
|
ushanyelile, ushanyelē
|
oshanyelile, oshanyelē
|
ushanyelile, ushanyelē
|
awushanyelanga
|
ongashanyelanga
|
ungashanyelanga
|
Class 4
|
ishanyelile, ishanyelē
|
eshanyelile, eshanyelē
|
ishanyelile, ishanyelē
|
ayishanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
ingashanyelanga
|
Class 5
|
lishanyelile, lishanyelē
|
elishanyelile, elishanyelē
|
lishanyelile, lishanyelē
|
alishanyelanga
|
elingashanyelanga
|
lingashanyelanga
|
Class 6
|
ashanyelile, ashanyelē
|
ashanyelile, ashanyelē
|
eshanyelile, eshanyelē
|
awashanyelanga
|
angashanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
Class 7
|
sishanyelile, sishanyelē
|
esishanyelile, esishanyelē
|
sishanyelile, sishanyelē
|
asishanyelanga
|
esingashanyelanga
|
singashanyelanga
|
Class 8
|
zishanyelile, zishanyelē
|
ezishanyelile, ezishanyelē
|
zishanyelile, zishanyelē
|
azishanyelanga
|
ezingashanyelanga
|
zingashanyelanga
|
Class 9
|
ishanyelile, ishanyelē
|
eshanyelile, eshanyelē
|
ishanyelile, ishanyelē
|
ayishanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
ingashanyelanga
|
Class 10
|
zishanyelile, zishanyelē
|
ezishanyelile, ezishanyelē
|
zishanyelile, zishanyelē
|
azishanyelanga
|
ezingashanyelanga
|
zingashanyelanga
|
Class 11
|
lushanyelile, lushanyelē
|
olushanyelile, olushanyelē
|
lushanyelile, lushanyelē
|
alushanyelanga
|
olungashanyelanga
|
lungashanyelanga
|
Class 14
|
bushanyelile, bushanyelē
|
obushanyelile, obushanyelē
|
bushanyelile, bushanyelē
|
abushanyelanga
|
obungashanyelanga
|
bungashanyelanga
|
Class 15
|
kushanyelile, kushanyelē
|
okushanyelile, okushanyelē
|
kushanyelile, kushanyelē
|
akushanyelanga
|
okungashanyelanga
|
kungashanyelanga
|
Class 17
|
kushanyelile, kushanyelē
|
okushanyelile, okushanyelē
|
kushanyelile, kushanyelē
|
akushanyelanga
|
okungashanyelanga
|
kungashanyelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāshanyela
|
engāshanyela
|
ngāshanyela
|
angishanyelanga
|
engingashanyelanga
|
ngingashanyelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāshanyela
|
owāshanyela
|
wāshanyela
|
awushanyelanga
|
ongashanyelanga
|
ungashanyelanga
|
1st plural
|
sāshanyela
|
esāshanyela
|
sāshanyela
|
asishanyelanga
|
esingashanyelanga
|
singashanyelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāshanyela
|
enāshanyela
|
nāshanyela
|
anishanyelanga
|
eningashanyelanga
|
ningashanyelanga
|
Class 1
|
wāshanyela
|
owāshanyela
|
āshanyela
|
akashanyelanga
|
ongashanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
Class 2
|
bāshanyela
|
abāshanyela
|
bāshanyela
|
abashanyelanga
|
abangashanyelanga
|
bengashanyelanga
|
Class 3
|
wāshanyela
|
owāshanyela
|
wāshanyela
|
awushanyelanga
|
ongashanyelanga
|
ungashanyelanga
|
Class 4
|
yāshanyela
|
eyāshanyela
|
yāshanyela
|
ayishanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
ingashanyelanga
|
Class 5
|
lāshanyela
|
elāshanyela
|
lāshanyela
|
alishanyelanga
|
elingashanyelanga
|
lingashanyelanga
|
Class 6
|
āshanyela
|
āshanyela
|
āshanyela
|
awashanyelanga
|
angashanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
Class 7
|
sāshanyela
|
esāshanyela
|
sāshanyela
|
asishanyelanga
|
esingashanyelanga
|
singashanyelanga
|
Class 8
|
zāshanyela
|
ezāshanyela
|
zāshanyela
|
azishanyelanga
|
ezingashanyelanga
|
zingashanyelanga
|
Class 9
|
yāshanyela
|
eyāshanyela
|
yāshanyela
|
ayishanyelanga
|
engashanyelanga
|
ingashanyelanga
|
Class 10
|
zāshanyela
|
ezāshanyela
|
zāshanyela
|
azishanyelanga
|
ezingashanyelanga
|
zingashanyelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāshanyela
|
olwāshanyela
|
lwāshanyela
|
alushanyelanga
|
olungashanyelanga
|
lungashanyelanga
|
Class 14
|
bāshanyela
|
obāshanyela
|
bāshanyela
|
abushanyelanga
|
obungashanyelanga
|
bungashanyelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāshanyela
|
okwāshanyela
|
kwāshanyela
|
akushanyelanga
|
okungashanyelanga
|
kungashanyelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāshanyela
|
okwāshanyela
|
kwāshanyela
|
akushanyelanga
|
okungashanyelanga
|
kungashanyelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingashanyela
|
—
|
ngingashanyela
|
ngingeshanyele
|
—
|
ngingeshanyele
|
2nd singular
|
ungashanyela
|
—
|
ungashanyela
|
ungeshanyele
|
—
|
ungeshanyele
|
1st plural
|
singashanyela
|
—
|
singashanyela
|
singeshanyele
|
—
|
singeshanyele
|
2nd plural
|
ningashanyela
|
—
|
ningashanyela
|
ningeshanyele
|
—
|
ningeshanyele
|
Class 1
|
angashanyela
|
—
|
engashanyela
|
angeshanyele
|
—
|
engeshanyele
|
Class 2
|
bangashanyela
|
—
|
bengashanyela
|
bangeshanyele
|
—
|
bengeshanyele
|
Class 3
|
ungashanyela
|
—
|
ungashanyela
|
ungeshanyele
|
—
|
ungeshanyele
|
Class 4
|
ingashanyela
|
—
|
ingashanyela
|
ingeshanyele
|
—
|
ingeshanyele
|
Class 5
|
lingashanyela
|
—
|
lingashanyela
|
lingeshanyele
|
—
|
lingeshanyele
|
Class 6
|
angashanyela
|
—
|
engashanyela
|
angeshanyele
|
—
|
engeshanyele
|
Class 7
|
singashanyela
|
—
|
singashanyela
|
singeshanyele
|
—
|
singeshanyele
|
Class 8
|
zingashanyela
|
—
|
zingashanyela
|
zingeshanyele
|
—
|
zingeshanyele
|
Class 9
|
ingashanyela
|
—
|
ingashanyela
|
ingeshanyele
|
—
|
ingeshanyele
|
Class 10
|
zingashanyela
|
—
|
zingashanyela
|
zingeshanyele
|
—
|
zingeshanyele
|
Class 11
|
lungashanyela
|
—
|
lungashanyela
|
lungeshanyele
|
—
|
lungeshanyele
|
Class 14
|
bungashanyela
|
—
|
bungashanyela
|
bungeshanyele
|
—
|
bungeshanyele
|
Class 15
|
kungashanyela
|
—
|
kungashanyela
|
kungeshanyele
|
—
|
kungeshanyele
|
Class 17
|
kungashanyela
|
—
|
kungashanyela
|
kungeshanyele
|
—
|
kungeshanyele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoshanyela
|
engizoshanyela
|
ngizoshanyela
|
angizushanyela
|
engingezushanyela
|
ngingezushanyela
|
2nd singular
|
uzoshanyela
|
ozoshanyela
|
uzoshanyela
|
awuzushanyela
|
ongezushanyela
|
ungezushanyela
|
1st plural
|
sizoshanyela
|
esizoshanyela
|
sizoshanyela
|
asizushanyela
|
esingezushanyela
|
singezushanyela
|
2nd plural
|
nizoshanyela
|
enizoshanyela
|
nizoshanyela
|
anizushanyela
|
eningezushanyela
|
ningezushanyela
|
Class 1
|
uzoshanyela
|
ozoshanyela
|
ezoshanyela
|
akazushanyela
|
ongezushanyela
|
engezushanyela
|
Class 2
|
bazoshanyela
|
abazoshanyela
|
bezoshanyela
|
abazushanyela
|
abangezushanyela
|
bengezushanyela
|
Class 3
|
uzoshanyela
|
ozoshanyela
|
uzoshanyela
|
awuzushanyela
|
ongezushanyela
|
ungezushanyela
|
Class 4
|
izoshanyela
|
ezoshanyela
|
izoshanyela
|
ayizushanyela
|
engezushanyela
|
ingezushanyela
|
Class 5
|
lizoshanyela
|
elizoshanyela
|
lizoshanyela
|
alizushanyela
|
elingezushanyela
|
lingezushanyela
|
Class 6
|
azoshanyela
|
azoshanyela
|
ezoshanyela
|
awazushanyela
|
angezushanyela
|
engezushanyela
|
Class 7
|
sizoshanyela
|
esizoshanyela
|
sizoshanyela
|
asizushanyela
|
esingezushanyela
|
singezushanyela
|
Class 8
|
zizoshanyela
|
ezizoshanyela
|
zizoshanyela
|
azizushanyela
|
ezingezushanyela
|
zingezushanyela
|
Class 9
|
izoshanyela
|
ezoshanyela
|
izoshanyela
|
ayizushanyela
|
engezushanyela
|
ingezushanyela
|
Class 10
|
zizoshanyela
|
ezizoshanyela
|
zizoshanyela
|
azizushanyela
|
ezingezushanyela
|
zingezushanyela
|
Class 11
|
luzoshanyela
|
oluzoshanyela
|
luzoshanyela
|
aluzushanyela
|
olungezushanyela
|
lungezushanyela
|
Class 14
|
buzoshanyela
|
obuzoshanyela
|
buzoshanyela
|
abuzushanyela
|
obungezushanyela
|
bungezushanyela
|
Class 15
|
kuzoshanyela
|
okuzoshanyela
|
kuzoshanyela
|
akuzushanyela
|
okungezushanyela
|
kungezushanyela
|
Class 17
|
kuzoshanyela
|
okuzoshanyela
|
kuzoshanyela
|
akuzushanyela
|
okungezushanyela
|
kungezushanyela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoshanyela
|
engiyoshanyela
|
ngiyoshanyela
|
angiyushanyela
|
engingeyushanyela
|
ngingeyushanyela
|
2nd singular
|
uyoshanyela
|
oyoshanyela
|
uyoshanyela
|
awuyushanyela
|
ongeyushanyela
|
ungeyushanyela
|
1st plural
|
siyoshanyela
|
esiyoshanyela
|
siyoshanyela
|
asiyushanyela
|
esingeyushanyela
|
singeyushanyela
|
2nd plural
|
niyoshanyela
|
eniyoshanyela
|
niyoshanyela
|
aniyushanyela
|
eningeyushanyela
|
ningeyushanyela
|
Class 1
|
uyoshanyela
|
oyoshanyela
|
eyoshanyela
|
akayushanyela
|
ongeyushanyela
|
engeyushanyela
|
Class 2
|
bayoshanyela
|
abayoshanyela
|
beyoshanyela
|
abayushanyela
|
abangeyushanyela
|
bengeyushanyela
|
Class 3
|
uyoshanyela
|
oyoshanyela
|
uyoshanyela
|
awuyushanyela
|
ongeyushanyela
|
ungeyushanyela
|
Class 4
|
iyoshanyela
|
eyoshanyela
|
iyoshanyela
|
ayiyushanyela
|
engeyushanyela
|
ingeyushanyela
|
Class 5
|
liyoshanyela
|
eliyoshanyela
|
liyoshanyela
|
aliyushanyela
|
elingeyushanyela
|
lingeyushanyela
|
Class 6
|
ayoshanyela
|
ayoshanyela
|
eyoshanyela
|
awayushanyela
|
angeyushanyela
|
engeyushanyela
|
Class 7
|
siyoshanyela
|
esiyoshanyela
|
siyoshanyela
|
asiyushanyela
|
esingeyushanyela
|
singeyushanyela
|
Class 8
|
ziyoshanyela
|
eziyoshanyela
|
ziyoshanyela
|
aziyushanyela
|
ezingeyushanyela
|
zingeyushanyela
|
Class 9
|
iyoshanyela
|
eyoshanyela
|
iyoshanyela
|
ayiyushanyela
|
engeyushanyela
|
ingeyushanyela
|
Class 10
|
ziyoshanyela
|
eziyoshanyela
|
ziyoshanyela
|
aziyushanyela
|
ezingeyushanyela
|
zingeyushanyela
|
Class 11
|
luyoshanyela
|
oluyoshanyela
|
luyoshanyela
|
aluyushanyela
|
olungeyushanyela
|
lungeyushanyela
|
Class 14
|
buyoshanyela
|
obuyoshanyela
|
buyoshanyela
|
abuyushanyela
|
obungeyushanyela
|
bungeyushanyela
|
Class 15
|
kuyoshanyela
|
okuyoshanyela
|
kuyoshanyela
|
akuyushanyela
|
okungeyushanyela
|
kungeyushanyela
|
Class 17
|
kuyoshanyela
|
okuyoshanyela
|
kuyoshanyela
|
akuyushanyela
|
okungeyushanyela
|
kungeyushanyela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngishanyele
|
ngingashanyeli
|
2nd singular
|
ushanyele
|
ungashanyeli
|
1st plural
|
sishanyele
|
singashanyeli
|
2nd plural
|
nishanyele
|
ningashanyeli
|
Class 1
|
ashanyele
|
angashanyeli
|
Class 2
|
bashanyele
|
bangashanyeli
|
Class 3
|
ushanyele
|
ungashanyeli
|
Class 4
|
ishanyele
|
ingashanyeli
|
Class 5
|
lishanyele
|
lingashanyeli
|
Class 6
|
ashanyele
|
angashanyeli
|
Class 7
|
sishanyele
|
singashanyeli
|
Class 8
|
zishanyele
|
zingashanyeli
|
Class 9
|
ishanyele
|
ingashanyeli
|
Class 10
|
zishanyele
|
zingashanyeli
|
Class 11
|
lushanyele
|
lungashanyeli
|
Class 14
|
bushanyele
|
bungashanyeli
|
Class 15
|
kushanyele
|
kungashanyeli
|
Class 17
|
kushanyele
|
kungashanyeli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngashanyela
|
ngangashanyela, angashanyela, angangashanyela
|
2nd singular
|
washanyela
|
wangashanyela, awashanyela, awangashanyela
|
1st plural
|
sashanyela
|
sangashanyela, asashanyela, asangashanyela
|
2nd plural
|
nashanyela
|
nangashanyela, anashanyela, anangashanyela
|
Class 1
|
washanyela
|
wangashanyela, akashanyela, akangashanyela
|
Class 2
|
bashanyela
|
bangashanyela, abashanyela, abangashanyela
|
Class 3
|
washanyela
|
wangashanyela, awashanyela, awangashanyela
|
Class 4
|
yashanyela
|
yangashanyela, ayashanyela, ayangashanyela
|
Class 5
|
lashanyela
|
langashanyela, alashanyela, alangashanyela
|
Class 6
|
ashanyela
|
angashanyela, awashanyela, awangashanyela
|
Class 7
|
sashanyela
|
sangashanyela, asashanyela, asangashanyela
|
Class 8
|
zashanyela
|
zangashanyela, azashanyela, azangashanyela
|
Class 9
|
yashanyela
|
yangashanyela, ayashanyela, ayangashanyela
|
Class 10
|
zashanyela
|
zangashanyela, azashanyela, azangashanyela
|
Class 11
|
lwashanyela
|
lwangashanyela, alwashanyela, alwangashanyela
|
Class 14
|
bashanyela
|
bangashanyela, abashanyela, abangashanyela
|
Class 15
|
kwashanyela
|
kwangashanyela, akwashanyela, akwangashanyela
|
Class 17
|
kwashanyela
|
kwangashanyela, akwashanyela, akwangashanyela
|