thwala

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Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

  1. to carry

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

  1. to carry

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tswana

Verb

thwala

  1. to find

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

  1. (transitive) to carry

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Pronunciation

Verb

-thwála

  1. (transitive) to carry
  2. (transitive) to wear (on the head or shoulders)

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive ukuthwala
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuthwala ukungathwali
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular thwala -thwale
Plural thwalani -thwaleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyathwala, ngithwala engithwalayo, engithwala ngithwala angithwali engingathwali ngingathwali
2nd singular uyathwala, uthwala othwalayo, othwala uthwala awuthwali ongathwali ungathwali
1st plural siyathwala, sithwala esithwalayo, esithwala sithwala asithwali esingathwali singathwali
2nd plural niyathwala, nithwala enithwalayo, enithwala nithwala anithwali eningathwali ningathwali
Class 1 uyathwala, uthwala othwalayo, othwala ethwala akathwali ongathwali engathwali
Class 2 bayathwala, bathwala abathwalayo, abathwala bethwala abathwali abangathwali bengathwali
Class 3 uyathwala, uthwala othwalayo, othwala uthwala awuthwali ongathwali ungathwali
Class 4 iyathwala, ithwala ethwalayo, ethwala ithwala ayithwali engathwali ingathwali
Class 5 liyathwala, lithwala elithwalayo, elithwala lithwala alithwali elingathwali lingathwali
Class 6 ayathwala, athwala athwalayo, athwala ethwala awathwali angathwali engathwali
Class 7 siyathwala, sithwala esithwalayo, esithwala sithwala asithwali esingathwali singathwali
Class 8 ziyathwala, zithwala ezithwalayo, ezithwala zithwala azithwali ezingathwali zingathwali
Class 9 iyathwala, ithwala ethwalayo, ethwala ithwala ayithwali engathwali ingathwali
Class 10 ziyathwala, zithwala ezithwalayo, ezithwala zithwala azithwali ezingathwali zingathwali
Class 11 luyathwala, luthwala oluthwalayo, oluthwala luthwala aluthwali olungathwali lungathwali
Class 14 buyathwala, buthwala obuthwalayo, obuthwala buthwala abuthwali obungathwali bungathwali
Class 15 kuyathwala, kuthwala okuthwalayo, okuthwala kuthwala akuthwali okungathwali kungathwali
Class 17 kuyathwala, kuthwala okuthwalayo, okuthwala kuthwala akuthwali okungathwali kungathwali
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngithwalile, ngithwalē engithwalile, engithwalē ngithwalile, ngithwalē angithwalanga engingathwalanga ngingathwalanga
2nd singular uthwalile, uthwalē othwalile, othwalē uthwalile, uthwalē awuthwalanga ongathwalanga ungathwalanga
1st plural sithwalile, sithwalē esithwalile, esithwalē sithwalile, sithwalē asithwalanga esingathwalanga singathwalanga
2nd plural nithwalile, nithwalē enithwalile, enithwalē nithwalile, nithwalē anithwalanga eningathwalanga ningathwalanga
Class 1 uthwalile, uthwalē othwalile, othwalē ethwalile, ethwalē akathwalanga ongathwalanga engathwalanga
Class 2 bathwalile, bathwalē abathwalile, abathwalē bethwalile, bethwalē abathwalanga abangathwalanga bengathwalanga
Class 3 uthwalile, uthwalē othwalile, othwalē uthwalile, uthwalē awuthwalanga ongathwalanga ungathwalanga
Class 4 ithwalile, ithwalē ethwalile, ethwalē ithwalile, ithwalē ayithwalanga engathwalanga ingathwalanga
Class 5 lithwalile, lithwalē elithwalile, elithwalē lithwalile, lithwalē alithwalanga elingathwalanga lingathwalanga
Class 6 athwalile, athwalē athwalile, athwalē ethwalile, ethwalē awathwalanga angathwalanga engathwalanga
Class 7 sithwalile, sithwalē esithwalile, esithwalē sithwalile, sithwalē asithwalanga esingathwalanga singathwalanga
Class 8 zithwalile, zithwalē ezithwalile, ezithwalē zithwalile, zithwalē azithwalanga ezingathwalanga zingathwalanga
Class 9 ithwalile, ithwalē ethwalile, ethwalē ithwalile, ithwalē ayithwalanga engathwalanga ingathwalanga
Class 10 zithwalile, zithwalē ezithwalile, ezithwalē zithwalile, zithwalē azithwalanga ezingathwalanga zingathwalanga
Class 11 luthwalile, luthwalē oluthwalile, oluthwalē luthwalile, luthwalē aluthwalanga olungathwalanga lungathwalanga
Class 14 buthwalile, buthwalē obuthwalile, obuthwalē buthwalile, buthwalē abuthwalanga obungathwalanga bungathwalanga
Class 15 kuthwalile, kuthwalē okuthwalile, okuthwalē kuthwalile, kuthwalē akuthwalanga okungathwalanga kungathwalanga
Class 17 kuthwalile, kuthwalē okuthwalile, okuthwalē kuthwalile, kuthwalē akuthwalanga okungathwalanga kungathwalanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāthwala engāthwala ngāthwala angithwalanga engingathwalanga ngingathwalanga
2nd singular wāthwala owāthwala wāthwala awuthwalanga ongathwalanga ungathwalanga
1st plural sāthwala esāthwala sāthwala asithwalanga esingathwalanga singathwalanga
2nd plural nāthwala enāthwala nāthwala anithwalanga eningathwalanga ningathwalanga
Class 1 wāthwala owāthwala āthwala akathwalanga ongathwalanga engathwalanga
Class 2 bāthwala abāthwala bāthwala abathwalanga abangathwalanga bengathwalanga
Class 3 wāthwala owāthwala wāthwala awuthwalanga ongathwalanga ungathwalanga
Class 4 yāthwala eyāthwala yāthwala ayithwalanga engathwalanga ingathwalanga
Class 5 lāthwala elāthwala lāthwala alithwalanga elingathwalanga lingathwalanga
Class 6 āthwala āthwala āthwala awathwalanga angathwalanga engathwalanga
Class 7 sāthwala esāthwala sāthwala asithwalanga esingathwalanga singathwalanga
Class 8 zāthwala ezāthwala zāthwala azithwalanga ezingathwalanga zingathwalanga
Class 9 yāthwala eyāthwala yāthwala ayithwalanga engathwalanga ingathwalanga
Class 10 zāthwala ezāthwala zāthwala azithwalanga ezingathwalanga zingathwalanga
Class 11 lwāthwala olwāthwala lwāthwala aluthwalanga olungathwalanga lungathwalanga
Class 14 bāthwala obāthwala bāthwala abuthwalanga obungathwalanga bungathwalanga
Class 15 kwāthwala okwāthwala kwāthwala akuthwalanga okungathwalanga kungathwalanga
Class 17 kwāthwala okwāthwala kwāthwala akuthwalanga okungathwalanga kungathwalanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingathwala — ngingathwala ngingethwale — ngingethwale
2nd singular ungathwala — ungathwala ungethwale — ungethwale
1st plural singathwala — singathwala singethwale — singethwale
2nd plural ningathwala — ningathwala ningethwale — ningethwale
Class 1 angathwala — engathwala angethwale — engethwale
Class 2 bangathwala — bengathwala bangethwale — bengethwale
Class 3 ungathwala — ungathwala ungethwale — ungethwale
Class 4 ingathwala — ingathwala ingethwale — ingethwale
Class 5 lingathwala — lingathwala lingethwale — lingethwale
Class 6 angathwala — engathwala angethwale — engethwale
Class 7 singathwala — singathwala singethwale — singethwale
Class 8 zingathwala — zingathwala zingethwale — zingethwale
Class 9 ingathwala — ingathwala ingethwale — ingethwale
Class 10 zingathwala — zingathwala zingethwale — zingethwale
Class 11 lungathwala — lungathwala lungethwale — lungethwale
Class 14 bungathwala — bungathwala bungethwale — bungethwale
Class 15 kungathwala — kungathwala kungethwale — kungethwale
Class 17 kungathwala — kungathwala kungethwale — kungethwale
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizothwala engizothwala ngizothwala angizuthwala engingezuthwala ngingezuthwala
2nd singular uzothwala ozothwala uzothwala awuzuthwala ongezuthwala ungezuthwala
1st plural sizothwala esizothwala sizothwala asizuthwala esingezuthwala singezuthwala
2nd plural nizothwala enizothwala nizothwala anizuthwala eningezuthwala ningezuthwala
Class 1 uzothwala ozothwala ezothwala akazuthwala ongezuthwala engezuthwala
Class 2 bazothwala abazothwala bezothwala abazuthwala abangezuthwala bengezuthwala
Class 3 uzothwala ozothwala uzothwala awuzuthwala ongezuthwala ungezuthwala
Class 4 izothwala ezothwala izothwala ayizuthwala engezuthwala ingezuthwala
Class 5 lizothwala elizothwala lizothwala alizuthwala elingezuthwala lingezuthwala
Class 6 azothwala azothwala ezothwala awazuthwala angezuthwala engezuthwala
Class 7 sizothwala esizothwala sizothwala asizuthwala esingezuthwala singezuthwala
Class 8 zizothwala ezizothwala zizothwala azizuthwala ezingezuthwala zingezuthwala
Class 9 izothwala ezothwala izothwala ayizuthwala engezuthwala ingezuthwala
Class 10 zizothwala ezizothwala zizothwala azizuthwala ezingezuthwala zingezuthwala
Class 11 luzothwala oluzothwala luzothwala aluzuthwala olungezuthwala lungezuthwala
Class 14 buzothwala obuzothwala buzothwala abuzuthwala obungezuthwala bungezuthwala
Class 15 kuzothwala okuzothwala kuzothwala akuzuthwala okungezuthwala kungezuthwala
Class 17 kuzothwala okuzothwala kuzothwala akuzuthwala okungezuthwala kungezuthwala
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyothwala engiyothwala ngiyothwala angiyuthwala engingeyuthwala ngingeyuthwala
2nd singular uyothwala oyothwala uyothwala awuyuthwala ongeyuthwala ungeyuthwala
1st plural siyothwala esiyothwala siyothwala asiyuthwala esingeyuthwala singeyuthwala
2nd plural niyothwala eniyothwala niyothwala aniyuthwala eningeyuthwala ningeyuthwala
Class 1 uyothwala oyothwala eyothwala akayuthwala ongeyuthwala engeyuthwala
Class 2 bayothwala abayothwala beyothwala abayuthwala abangeyuthwala bengeyuthwala
Class 3 uyothwala oyothwala uyothwala awuyuthwala ongeyuthwala ungeyuthwala
Class 4 iyothwala eyothwala iyothwala ayiyuthwala engeyuthwala ingeyuthwala
Class 5 liyothwala eliyothwala liyothwala aliyuthwala elingeyuthwala lingeyuthwala
Class 6 ayothwala ayothwala eyothwala awayuthwala angeyuthwala engeyuthwala
Class 7 siyothwala esiyothwala siyothwala asiyuthwala esingeyuthwala singeyuthwala
Class 8 ziyothwala eziyothwala ziyothwala aziyuthwala ezingeyuthwala zingeyuthwala
Class 9 iyothwala eyothwala iyothwala ayiyuthwala engeyuthwala ingeyuthwala
Class 10 ziyothwala eziyothwala ziyothwala aziyuthwala ezingeyuthwala zingeyuthwala
Class 11 luyothwala oluyothwala luyothwala aluyuthwala olungeyuthwala lungeyuthwala
Class 14 buyothwala obuyothwala buyothwala abuyuthwala obungeyuthwala bungeyuthwala
Class 15 kuyothwala okuyothwala kuyothwala akuyuthwala okungeyuthwala kungeyuthwala
Class 17 kuyothwala okuyothwala kuyothwala akuyuthwala okungeyuthwala kungeyuthwala
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngithwale ngingathwali
2nd singular uthwale ungathwali
1st plural sithwale singathwali
2nd plural nithwale ningathwali
Class 1 athwale angathwali
Class 2 bathwale bangathwali
Class 3 uthwale ungathwali
Class 4 ithwale ingathwali
Class 5 lithwale lingathwali
Class 6 athwale angathwali
Class 7 sithwale singathwali
Class 8 zithwale zingathwali
Class 9 ithwale ingathwali
Class 10 zithwale zingathwali
Class 11 luthwale lungathwali
Class 14 buthwale bungathwali
Class 15 kuthwale kungathwali
Class 17 kuthwale kungathwali
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngathwala ngangathwala, angathwala, angangathwala
2nd singular wathwala wangathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
1st plural sathwala sangathwala, asathwala, asangathwala
2nd plural nathwala nangathwala, anathwala, anangathwala
Class 1 wathwala wangathwala, akathwala, akangathwala
Class 2 bathwala bangathwala, abathwala, abangathwala
Class 3 wathwala wangathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
Class 4 yathwala yangathwala, ayathwala, ayangathwala
Class 5 lathwala langathwala, alathwala, alangathwala
Class 6 athwala angathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
Class 7 sathwala sangathwala, asathwala, asangathwala
Class 8 zathwala zangathwala, azathwala, azangathwala
Class 9 yathwala yangathwala, ayathwala, ayangathwala
Class 10 zathwala zangathwala, azathwala, azangathwala
Class 11 lwathwala lwangathwala, alwathwala, alwangathwala
Class 14 bathwala bangathwala, abathwala, abangathwala
Class 15 kwathwala kwangathwala, akwathwala, akwangathwala
Class 17 kwathwala kwangathwala, akwathwala, akwangathwala

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia