toísech

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Primitive Irish ᚈᚑᚃᚔᚄᚐᚉᚔ (tovisaci, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos (“leader”) (compare Welsh tywysog (“prince”)), from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“know, see”).

Pronunciation

Noun

toísech m (genitive toísig, nominative plural toísig)

  1. leader, chief
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 63b5
      Essu rubu thoisech hisuidiu
      Joshua who was the leader in this
  2. first-mentioned thing or person

Declension

Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative toísech toísechL toísigL
Vocative toísig toísechL toísechuH
Accusative toísechN toísechL toísechuH
Genitive toísigL toísech toísechN
Dative toísechL toísechaib toísechaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Adjective

toísech (comparative toísigiu, superlative toísechem)

  1. first
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 128d17
      isind salm toisech
      in the first psalm
  2. most important
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14c6
      .i. nochis honaib dib són .i. hires foirbthe 7 gnímai sainemlae .i. is hires as toisech hi-suidib
      that is of these two, i.e., perfect faith and excellent deeds, i.e. it is faith that is chief among them.
  3. (in the comparative) sooner
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 112b12
      Is déniu ad·ciam húa ṡúlib risíu ro·cloammar in fogur húa chluasaib, ut est is toísigiu ad·ciam teilciud in béla resíu ro·cloammar a guth sidi.
      We see more quickly with the eyes before we hear the sound with the ears, ut est we see the throwing of the axe sooner before we hear the sound of this.

Declension

o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative toísech toísech toísech
Vocative toísig*
toísech**
Accusative toísech toísig
Genitive toísig toísige toísig
Dative toísuch toísig toísuch
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative toísig toísecha
Vocative toísechu
toísecha†
Accusative toísechu
toísecha†
Genitive toísech
Dative toísechaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Mutation

Mutation of toísech
radical lenition nasalization
toísech thoísech toísech
pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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