ébaucher

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French

Etymology

From Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”), alteration (due to Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)) of Old French esbosquier, esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”), from es- (“out”) + bosc (“wood, firewood”), from Frankish *bosk (“wood”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”). Cognate with Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”), French bois (“wood”), bau (“beam”). More at bush, balk.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /e.bo.ʃe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

ébaucher

  1. (transitive) to sketch, rough out (a plan, picture); to draft (a piece of writing)
  2. (transitive) to start up (a conversation, friendship etc.)
  3. (reflexive) to form, take shape
  4. (reflexive) to open up, start up

Conjugation

Conjugation of ébaucher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple ébaucher
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple ébauchant
/e.bo.ʃɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle ébauché
/e.bo.ʃe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present ébauche
/e.boʃ/ 		ébauches
/e.boʃ/ 		ébauche
/e.boʃ/ 		ébauchons
/e.bo.ʃɔ̃/ 		ébauchez
/e.bo.ʃe/ 		ébauchent
/e.boʃ/
imperfect ébauchais
/e.bo.ʃɛ/ 		ébauchais
/e.bo.ʃɛ/ 		ébauchait
/e.bo.ʃɛ/ 		ébauchions
/e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/ 		ébauchiez
/e.bo.ʃje/ 		ébauchaient
/e.bo.ʃɛ/
past historic2 ébauchai
/e.bo.ʃe/ 		ébauchas
/e.bo.ʃa/ 		ébaucha
/e.bo.ʃa/ 		ébauchâmes
/e.bo.ʃam/ 		ébauchâtes
/e.bo.ʃat/ 		ébauchèrent
/e.bo.ʃɛʁ/
future ébaucherai
/e.boʃ.ʁe/ 		ébaucheras
/e.boʃ.ʁa/ 		ébauchera
/e.boʃ.ʁa/ 		ébaucherons
/e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/ 		ébaucherez
/e.boʃ.ʁe/ 		ébaucheront
/e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional ébaucherais
/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ 		ébaucherais
/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ 		ébaucherait
/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ 		ébaucherions
/e.bo.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		ébaucheriez
/e.bo.ʃə.ʁje/ 		ébaucheraient
/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present ébauche
/e.boʃ/ 		ébauches
/e.boʃ/ 		ébauche
/e.boʃ/ 		ébauchions
/e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/ 		ébauchiez
/e.bo.ʃje/ 		ébauchent
/e.boʃ/
imperfect2 ébauchasse
/e.bo.ʃas/ 		ébauchasses
/e.bo.ʃas/ 		ébauchât
/e.bo.ʃa/ 		ébauchassions
/e.bo.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ 		ébauchassiez
/e.bo.ʃa.sje/ 		ébauchassent
/e.bo.ʃas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — ébauche
/e.boʃ/ 		— ébauchons
/e.bo.ʃɔ̃/ 		ébauchez
/e.bo.ʃe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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