Ζέφυρος

See also: ζέφυρος

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

ζέφυρος (zéphuros)

Etymology

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀽𐁆𐀫 (ze-pu2-ro), pointing to Proto-Hellenic *Dzépʰuros. Probably related to ζόφος (zóphos, “darkness, west”), both occasionally connected to Proto-Indo-European *(h₃)yebʰ- (“to cover > to copulate”) (whence οἴφω (oíphō)),^[1]^[2] though either the reflex of the laryngeal in οἴφω (oíphō) or its loss from ζεφ- (zeph-) would be unexplained. More likely Pre-Greek in view of the suffix -υρ- (-ur-) and distant semantics, though Beekes is unsure.^[3]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /zdé.pʰy.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈze.pʰy.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈze.ɸy.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈze.fy.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈze.fi.ros/

Proper noun

Ζέφῠρος • (Zéphŭros) m (genitive Ζεφῠ́ρου); second declension

Zephyrus, the west wind

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ Ζέφῠρος; τοῦ Ζεφῠ́ρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Ζέφῠρος ho Zéphŭros
Genitive	τοῦ Ζεφῠ́ρου toû Zephŭ́rou
Dative	τῷ Ζεφῠ́ρῳ tôi Zephŭ́rōi
Accusative	τὸν Ζέφῠρον tòn Zéphŭron
Vocative	Ζέφῠρε Zéphŭre
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of Ζέφῠρος; Ζεφῠ́ρου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	Ζέφῠρος Zéphŭros
Genitive	Ζεφῠ́ρου / Ζεφῠροῖο / Ζεφῠ́ροιο / Ζεφῠρόο / Ζεφῠ́ροο Zephŭ́rou / Zephŭroîo / Zephŭ́roio / Zephŭróo / Zephŭ́roo
Dative	Ζεφῠ́ρῳ Zephŭ́rōi
Accusative	Ζέφῠρον Zéphŭron
Vocative	Ζέφῠρε Zéphŭre
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

φῐλοζέφῠρος (phĭlozéphŭros)

Descendants

→ Greek: Ζέφυρος (Zéfyros), ζέφυρος (zéfyros) (learned)
→ Alemannic German: Zephyros
→ Azerbaijani: Zefir
→ Basque: Zefiro
→ Belarusian: Зефі́р (Zjefír), Зэфі́р (Zefír)
→ Breton: Zefyros
→ Bulgarian: Зефир (Zefir)
→ Chinese: 仄費羅斯 / 仄费罗斯
→ Czech: Zefyros
→ Danish: Zefyr
→ Dutch: Zephyros
→ English: Zephyr
→ Finnish: Zefyros
→ Georgian: ზეფიროსი (zepirosi)
→ German: Zephyr
→ Hebrew: זפירוס, זפיר
→ Hungarian: Zephürosz
→ Japanese: ゼピュロス (Zepyurosu)
→ Latin: zephyrus m (“the west wind”), Zephyrus (“Zephyrus”)
- Catalan: Zèfir
- French: zéphyr, Zéphyr
  - → Polish: zefir
  - → Romanian: zefir
  - → Russian: зефѵ́ръ (zefír), зефи́р (zefír, “marshmallow”)
    - → Belarusian: зефі́р (zjefír, “marshmallow”)
    - → Ukrainian: зефі́р (zefír, “marshmallow”)
  - → Turkish: zefir
- Galician: Céfiro
- Italian: zefiro, Zefiro
- Portuguese: zéfiro, Zéfiro
- Sicilian: zèfiru, Zèfiru
- Spanish: céfiro, Céfiro
- → English: Zephyrus
→ Lithuanian: Zefyras
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Sefyros
→ Old Armenian: զեփիւռ (zepʻiwṙ)
- Armenian: զեփյուռ (zepʻyuṙ)
→ Persian: زفوروس
→ Polish: Zefir
→ Russian: Зефи́р (Zefír)
- → Chuvash: Зефир (Zefir)
→ Serbo-Croatian: Зефир / Zefir
→ Slovene: Zefir
→ Swedish: Zefyros
→ Ukrainian: Зефі́р (Zefír)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*i̯ebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*i̯ebʰ- → *h₃i̯ebʰ-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎, page 39
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζέφυρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 499

“Ζέφυρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“Ζέφυρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Ζέφυρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Ζέφυρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“Ζέφυρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,029

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*i̯ebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309

[2] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*i̯ebʰ- → *h₃i̯ebʰ-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎, page 39

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζέφυρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 499

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