вы-

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Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic вꙑ- (vy-), from Proto-Slavic *vy- (out), from Proto-Indo-European *úd, or Proto-Indo-European *(H)ud (Derksen), or *ūd- : *ūt- (Černyx). In Slavic, the final consonant was dropped.

Cognates include English out, German aus (out).

Pronunciation

Prefix

вы́- (vý-) (this prefix almost invariably bears the stress in perfective verbs, but not in imperfective verbs)

  1. (used with verbs) out, out from (describing an action of moving outside from inside)
    вы́- (vý-) + ‎-йти́ (-jtí, to go) → ‎вы́йти (výjti, to go out)
  2. (used with verbs) completion or fulfillment
    вы́- (vý-) + ‎кури́ть (kurítʹ, to smoke) → ‎вы́курить (výkuritʹ, to smoke to the end)

Derived terms

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вы-”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “вы-”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 173