בהמות

בהמות • (transliteration needed) m

1. behemoth

In form, it is a plural of בהמה (behemá), but in Job 40:15-24, the word is accompanied by verbs and adjectives in the singular (describing a big and powerful beast). This fact can be explained either be assuming a pluralis excellentiae, a method of expressing greatness by pluralizing a noun, or by assuming a word in the singular. The first approach is taken by the Septuagint (θηρία (thēría)) and by the Targum (בעיריא), both translating the word as “beasts”. The second approach is taken by the Midrash (Leviticus Rabbah 13:3), describing the בהמות as a great beast, and probably also by the Peshitta, transliterating the word rather than translating it: ܒܗܡܘܬ.

It has been suggested by modern scholars to be a loanword from Egyptian

(*pꜣ-jḥ-mw), an unattested word that would have meant “the ox of the water”, i.e. hippopotamus, from pꜣ (“definite article”) + jḥ (“ox, cattle”) + mw (“water”) in a direct genitive construction; for the pronunciation, cf. the later Coptic descendants ⲡ- (p-) + ⲉϩⲉ (ehe) + ⲙⲟⲟⲩ (moou).

The identification with the hippopotamus became common in languages such as Russian бегемот (begemot), and eventually made its way into Modern Hebrew.

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /beheˈmot/

• Audio:

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בְּהֵמוֹת • (behemót) m

1. behemoth
2. hippopotamus

   Synonym: הִיפּוֹפּוֹטָם (hipopotám)

• H930 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Brown, Francis, Driver, Samuel Rolles, Briggs, Charles Augustus (1906) A Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Koehler, Ludwig, Walter, Baumgartner (1994–2000) The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, Leiden: Brill