שנה

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Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)
11 terms

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *šanat-.

Pronunciation

Noun

שָׁנָה • (shaná) f (dual indefinite שנתיים / שְׁנָתַיִם, plural indefinite שָׁנִים, singular construct שְׁנַת־, plural construct שְׁנוֹת־ or שְׁנֵי־)

  1. year (the time it takes for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun)
    אורכה של שנה הוא שנים עשר חודשים.
    orkáh shel shaná hu shném 'asár khodashím.
    The length of a year is twelve months.
    • Tanach, Genesis 14:4, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה עָבְדוּ אֶת־כְּדׇרְלָעֹמֶר וּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָרָֽדוּ׃
      Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
  2. (astronomy) year (the time it takes for any planetary body to make one revolution around another body)
Declension
Declension of שָׁנָה
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
Number: State: form Person: singular plural
m f m f
singular indefinite שָׁנָה first שְׁנָתִי שְׁנָתֵנוּ
definite הַשָּׁנָה second שְׁנָתְךָ שְׁנָתֵךְ שְׁנַתְכֶם שְׁנַתְכֶן
construct שְׁנַת־ third שְׁנָתוֹ שְׁנָתָהּ שְׁנָתָם שְׁנָתָן
dual indefinite שְׁנָתַיִם first שנתיי / שְׁנָתַי שְׁנָתֵינוּ
definite הַשְּׁנָתַיִם second שְׁנָתֶיךָ שנתייך / שְׁנָתַיִךְ שְׁנָתֵיכֶם שְׁנָתֵיכֶן
construct שְׁנָתֵי־ third שְׁנָתָיו שְׁנָתֶיהָ שְׁנָתֵיהֶם שְׁנָתֵיהֶן
plural indefinite שָׁנִים first שנותיי / שְׁנוֹתַי שְׁנוֹתֵינוּ
definite הַשָּׁנִים second שְׁנוֹתֶיךָ שנותייך / שְׁנוֹתַיִךְ שְׁנוֹתֵיכֶם שְׁנוֹתֵיכֶן
construct שְׁנוֹת־ third שְׁנוֹתָיו שְׁנוֹתֶיהָ שְׁנוֹתָם שְׁנוֹתָן
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Root
שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)
11 terms

Cognate with Arabic ثَنَى (ṯanā) and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܬܵܢܹܐ (tānē).

Verb

שָׁנָה • (shaná) (pa'al construction)

  1. to repeat (to do something an additional time)
Conjugation
Conjugation of שָׁנָה (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms to-infinitive לִשְׁנוֹת
action noun —
passive participle שָׁנוּי
finite forms singular plural
m f m f
past first שָׁנִיתִי שָׁנִינוּ
second שָׁנִיתָ שָׁנִית שְׁנִיתֶם1 שְׁנִיתֶן1
third שָׁנָה שָׁנְתָה שָׁנוּ
present שׁוֹנֶה שׁוֹנָה שׁוֹנִים שׁוֹנוֹת
future first אֶשְׁנֶה נִשְׁנֶה
second תִּשְׁנֶה תִּשְׁנִי תִּשְׁנוּ תִּשְׁנֶינָה2
third יִשְׁנֶה תִּשְׁנֶה יִשְׁנוּ תִּשְׁנֶינָה2
imperative שְׁנֵה שְׁנִי שְׁנוּ שְׁנֶינָה2

1 Pronounced שָׁנִיתֶם and שָׁנִיתֶן in informal Modern Hebrew.
2 Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Root
שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)
11 terms

Verb

שִׁנָּה • (shiná) (pi'el construction)

  1. defective spelling of שינה

Etymology 4

Root
שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)
11 terms

Verb

שֻׁנָּה • (shuna) (pu'al construction)

  1. defective spelling of שונה

Etymology 5

Noun

שֵׁנָה • (sheiná) f (plural indefinite שֵׁנוֹת, singular construct שְׁנַת־, plural construct שְׁנוֹת־)

  1. defective spelling of שינה

References

  1. ^ HFW Gesenius (1800) “H8138”, in SP Tregelles, transl., Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon‎
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