اصطخم

From the root ص خ م (ṣ-ḵ-m) related to scorching by sun, see صَخَمَ (ṣaḵama). Classical Arabic dictionaries define it as "to stand upright", also adding "silent as if angry", and Lane cites them.

• IPA^(key): /isˤ.tˤa.xa.ma/

اِصْطَخَمَ • (iṣṭaḵama) VIII (non-past يَصْطَخِمُ (yaṣṭaḵimu), verbal noun اِصْطِخَام (iṣṭiḵām)) (Classical Arabic, obsolete)

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. to be burnt by the sun, to take sunbath

      c. 7th century, Kaʿb bin Zuhair, Qasīdat al-Burdah (Bānat Suʿād), some versions:

      يَوْماً يَظَلُّ بِهِ الحِرْبَاءُ مُصْطَخِماً // كَأَنَّ ضَاحِيَهُ بِالنَارِ مَمْلُول

      yawman yaẓallu bihi l-ḥirbāʔu muṣṭaḵiman // kaʔanna ḍāḥiyahu bi-n-nāri mamlūl

      The day a chameleon gets muṣṭaḵim // as if his sunward side is burnt by fire

   Synonym: (used in other versions of this line) اِصْطَخَدَ (iṣṭaḵada)

   1. to stand upright (and silent, as if angry)

      c. 7th century, Al-ʿUdayl bin Al-Farḵ Al-ʿIjliyy, A-lā man lihammin:

      إِذَا مَا تَوَقَّلَ حِرْبَاؤُهَا // عَلَى الْجِذْلِ ثُمَّ نَمَا وَاصْطَخَمْ

      ʔiḏā mā tawaqqala ḥirbāʔuhā // ʕalā l-jiḏli ṯumma namā wāṣṭaḵam

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      c. 8th century, Ḏū-r-Rummah, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

      ظَلَّتْ تَفَالَى وَظَلَّ الجَوْنُ مُصْطَخِمًا // كَأَنَّهُ عَنْ تَنَاهِي الرَّوْضِ مَحْجُومُ

      ẓallat tafālā waẓalla l-jawnu muṣṭaḵiman // kaʔannahu ʕan tanāhī r-rawḍi maḥjūmu

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   Synonyms: صَلْخَمَ (ṣalḵama), صَلْخَدَ (ṣalḵada)