العراق

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العراق

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Medieval Arabic geographic understanding of this toponym included the areas in the south and center of modern Iraq. This may be understood as the definite form of عِرَاق (ʕirāq, “shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one”), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, “the Arabian Peninsula”), respectively, in Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “Mesopotamia”), but it is tempting to connect it with Middle Persian (ˀyrg /⁠ērag⁠/) or (ˀl'k' /⁠erāg⁠/, “lowlands”),^[1] like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /⁠ērān⁠/, “Iran”), with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /⁠ēr⁠/, “Iranian”), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is more closely reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl; together with the neighboring region, this marks it as אירג (ʔyrg /⁠*ērag⁠/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name.^[2] The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as also seen in عِرْنَاس (ʕirnās, “distaff”) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, “small lamb”).

• IPA^(key): /al.ʕi.raːq/

الْعِرَاق • (al-ʕirāq) m or f

1. Iraq (a country in Asia)

• The definite article ال (al-) is indispensable.
• Unlike the majority of country names, الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq) is usually a masculine noun.

• عِرَاقِيّ (ʕirāqiyy)
• عِرَاقِيَّة (ʕirāqiyya)

From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

• IPA^(key): /lɪʕraːɡ/, /ɪlɪʕraːɡ/

العراق • (li-ʕrāg) f

1. Iraq (a country in Asia)

• عراقي (ʕrāgi, “Iraqi”)

From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

• IPA^(key): /al.ʕi.raːɡ/,

العِراق • (alʕirāg) f

1. Iraq (a country in Asia)

• This is one of the country names which requires the definite article ال.

• عراقي (ʕirāgi, “Iraqi”) (masculine)
• عراقيَّة (ʕirāgiyya, “Iraqi”) (feminine)

Picture dictionary
سوريا لبنان فلسطين إسرائيل الأردن مصر السعودية العراق تركيا قبرص البحر المتوسط البحر الأحمر النيل الفرات

Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

• IPA^(key): /il.ʕi.raːq/,

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

العراق • (il-ʕirāq) m

1. Iraq (a country in Asia)

• عراقي (ʕirāqi, “Iraqi”)