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Assamese

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀔𑀕𑁆𑀕 (khagga), from Sanskrit āĻ–āĻĄā§āĻ— (khaḍga). Doublet of āĻ–āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž (khanda), āĻ–āĻ‚ (khoṅ), and āĻ–āĻĄāĻŧā§āĻ— (khorgo).

Pronunciation

Noun

āĻ–āĻžāĻ— â€ĸ (khag)

  1. horn of a rhinoceros
    Synonym: āĻ–āĻĄāĻŧā§āĻ— (khorgo)

Declension

Declension of āĻ–āĻžāĻ—
nominative āĻ–āĻžāĻ— / āĻ–āĻžāϗ⧇ (khag / khage)
accusative āĻ–āĻžāĻ— / āĻ–āĻžāĻ—āĻ• (khag / khagok)
dative āĻ–āĻžāĻ—āϞ⧈ (khagoloi)
terminative āĻ–āĻžāĻ—āϞ⧈āϕ⧇ (khagoloike)
instrumental āĻ–āĻžāϗ⧇ / āĻ–āĻžāϗ⧇⧰⧇ (khage / khagere)
genitive āĻ–āĻžāĻ—ā§° (khagor)
locative āĻ–āĻžāĻ—āϤ (khagot)

Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural.
Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -āĻŦā§‹ā§° (-bÃŧr) and -āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻ• (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -āϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš (-xomuh), -āϏāĻ•āϞ (-xokol), -āĻšāρāϤ (-hÃĩt) etc.
Nominative: The -āĻ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive.
Accusative: -āĻ…āĻ• (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise.
Dative 1: For direct objects -āĻ…āĻ• (-ok) marks this case instead of -āĻ…āϞ⧈ (-oloi).
Dative 2: In some dialects -āĻ…āĻ• (-ok) or -āĻ…āϤ (-ot) marks this case instead of -āĻ…āϞ⧈ (-oloi).
Terminative: Vaguely -āĻ…āϞ⧈ (-oloi) can mark this case too.
Instrumental 1: -āĻ (-e) is unemphatic and -āĻā§°ā§‡ (-ere) is emphatic and more common.
Instrumental 2: Alternatively -āĻāĻĻāĻŋ (-edi) is used instead of the default -āĻā§°ā§‡ (-ere) in Standard Assamese.
Locative: The locative suffix is -āĻ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.

References