ἀδήν

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See also: ἅδην, and ἁδήν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Beekes suggests Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷḗn, because *h₁n̥gʷ-ḗn would produce *endḗn by Rix's Law (PIE *HR̥C > Proto-Hellenic *e/a/oRC), and rejects the connection with Latin inguen (“groin”) and Old Norse økkvenn (“thick, clodded”).[1]

De Vaan prefers to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *n̥gʷḗn (“the naked one”), from *negʷ- (“naked”), preserving the connection with Latin inguen but excluding the Germanic forms.[2]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ᾰ̓δήν • (adḗn) f or m (genitive ᾰ̓δένος); third declension

  1. gland
    • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 11:
       , τοισίδε χρὴ τεκμαίρεσθαι ἀδένες ὕπεισιν ἢ ἐλάσσους ἢ μείζους πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ,
       […], toisíde khrḕ tekmaíresthai adénes húpeisin ḕ elássous ḕ meízous pâsin hupò têi maskhálēi, […]

Usage notes

  • Originally feminine, later masculine.

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓δήν; τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓δένος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓δήν
ho, hē adḗn 		τὼ ᾰ̓δένε
tṑ adéne 		οἱ, αἱ ᾰ̓δένες
hoi, hai adénes
Genitive τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓δένος
toû, tês adénos 		τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν
toîn adénoin 		τῶν ᾰ̓δένων
tôn adénōn
Dative τῷ, τῇ ᾰ̓δένῐ
tôi, têi adéni 		τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν
toîn adénoin 		τοῖς, ταῖς ᾰ̓δέσῐ / ᾰ̓δέσῐν
toîs, taîs adési(n)
Accusative τὸν, τὴν ᾰ̓δένᾰ
tòn, tḕn adéna 		τὼ ᾰ̓δένε
tṑ adéne 		τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓δένᾰς
toùs, tā̀s adénas
Vocative ᾰ̓δήν
adḗn 		ᾰ̓δένε
adéne 		ᾰ̓δένες
adénes
Notes:

Derived terms

Descendants

  • ⇒ English: adeno-, -adenia
  • Greek: αδένας (adénas)
  • ⇒ Latin: polyadenus

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀδήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “inguen, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 303-304

Further reading

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