ἔμπροσθεν

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἔμπροσθε (émprosthe) — before consonants

Etymology

From ἐν (en, “in”) +‎ πρόσθεν (prósthen, “before”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ém.pros.tʰen/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈem.pros.tʰen/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈem.pros.θen/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈem.pros.θen/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈem.bros.θen/

Adverb

ἔμπροσθεν • (émprosthen)

(of place) before, in front
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.126
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.2.23
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.62
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.61
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.89
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.2.6
(of time) before, earlier, of old
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 277D
- 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 448E
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 773E

Preposition

ἔμπροσθεν • (émprosthen) (governs the genitive)

before
1. (of place)
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.87
2. (of time)
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.144
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 39
3. (of degree)
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Dionysodorus 50

Further reading

“ἔμπροσθεν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἔμπροσθεν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἔμπροσθεν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἔμπροσθεν in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
G1715 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- above idem, page 3.
- ahead idem, page 20.
- before idem, page 69.
- front idem, page 346.
- preference idem, page 634.

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