塗る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
塗
ぬ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese.[1] Possibly related to 濡れる (nureru, “to get wet”).[2][3]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「塗る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		塗る ぬる
Imperative (命令形) 塗れ ぬれ
Key constructions
Passive 塗られる ぬられる
Causative 塗らせる ぬらせる
Potential 塗れる ぬれる
Volitional 塗ろう ぬろー
Negative 塗らない ぬらない
Negative perfective 塗らなかった ぬらなかった
Formal 塗ります ぬります
Perfective 塗った ぬった
Conjunctive 塗って ぬって
Hypothetical conditional 塗れば ぬれば

Verb

塗(ぬ)る • (nuru) transitive godan (stem 塗(ぬ)り (nuri), past 塗(ぬ)った (nutta))

  1. to paint or plaster
  2. to spread on, to dab on, to apply
    油(あぶら)を塗(ぬ)る
    abura o nuru
    grease, anoint with oil
  3. to fill in
    マークシートを塗(ぬ)る
    mākushīto o nuru
    to fill in the bubble sheet

Conjugation

Conjugation of "塗る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 塗ら ぬら nura
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 塗り ぬり nuri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 塗る ぬる nuru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 塗る ぬる nuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 塗れ ぬれ nure
Meireikei ("imperative") 塗れ ぬれ nure
Key constructions
Passive 塗られる ぬられる nurareru
Causative 塗らせる
塗らす 		ぬらせる
ぬらす 		nuraseru
nurasu
Potential 塗れる ぬれる nureru
Volitional 塗ろう ぬろう nurō
Negative 塗らない ぬらない nuranai
Negative continuative 塗らず ぬらず nurazu
Formal 塗ります ぬります nurimasu
Perfective 塗った ぬった nutta
Conjunctive 塗って ぬって nutte
Hypothetical conditional 塗れば ぬれば nureba
Classical conjugation of "塗る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 塗ら ぬら nura
Continuative (連用形) 塗り ぬり nuri
Terminal (終止形) 塗る ぬる nuru
Attributive (連体形) 塗る ぬる nuru
Realis (已然形) 塗れ ぬれ nure
Imperative (命令形) 塗れ ぬれ nure
Key constructions
Negative 塗らず ぬらず nurazu
Contrasting conjunction 塗れど ぬれど nuredo
Causal conjunction 塗れば ぬれば nureba
Conditional conjunction 塗らば ぬらば nuraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 塗りき ぬりき nuriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 塗りけり ぬりけり nurikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 塗りつ ぬりつ nuritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 塗りぬ ぬりぬ nurinu
Perfect-continuative tense 塗れり
塗りたり		 ぬれり
ぬりたり		 nureri
nuritari
Volitional 塗らむ ぬらむ nuramu

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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