| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 決 |
| き Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 決る 極まる 極る |
Derived as the intransitive form of Old Japanese verb 決む (kimu, “to decide something, to conclude something; to be decided, to be concluded”).[1][2][3]
The source verb kimu appears to follow a common pattern in Old Japanese verbs where the bare form is either transitive or intransitive, depending on context. This pattern persists in some modern verbs, such as つく (tsuku). Many of these Old Japanese verbs developed explicit transitive and intransitive forms, with one group adopting an -aru on the end for the intransitive (as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) ending in -a + the conjugating る (ru) as the basic spontaneous or passive verb ending), and an -eru on the end for the transitive (as the 已然形 (izenkei, “realis or potential form”) + the disappearing る (ru) as a generic verb ending).
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
決まる | きまる | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 決まれ | きまれ | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 決まられる | きまられる | |
| Causative | 決まらせる | きまらせる | |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 決まろう | きまろー | |
| Negative | 決まらない | きまらない | |
| Negative perfective | 決まらなかった | きまらなかった | |
| Formal | 決まります | きまります | |
| Perfective | 決まった | きまった | |
| Conjunctive | 決まって | きまって | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 決まれば | きまれば | |
決まる • (kimaru) intransitive godan (stem 決まり (kimari), past 決まった (kimatta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 決める |
| mediopassive | 決まる |
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 決まら | きまら | kimara |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 決まり | きまり | kimari |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 決まる | きまる | kimaru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 決まる | きまる | kimaru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 決まれ | きまれ | kimare |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 決まれ | きまれ | kimare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 決まられる | きまられる | kimarareru |
| Causative | 決まらせる 決まらす |
きまらせる きまらす |
kimaraseru kimarasu |
| Potential | 決まれる | きまれる | kimareru |
| Volitional | 決まろう | きまろう | kimarō |
| Negative | 決まらない | きまらない | kimaranai |
| Negative continuative | 決まらず | きまらず | kimarazu |
| Formal | 決まります | きまります | kimarimasu |
| Perfective | 決まった | きまった | kimatta |
| Conjunctive | 決まって | きまって | kimatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 決まれば | きまれば | kimareba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 決まら | きまら | kimara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 決まり | きまり | kimari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 決まる | きまる | kimaru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 決まる | きまる | kimaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 決まれ | きまれ | kimare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 決まれ | きまれ | kimare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 決まらず | きまらず | kimarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 決まれど | きまれど | kimaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 決まれば | きまれば | kimareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 決まらば | きまらば | kimaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 決まりき | きまりき | kimariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 決まりけり | きまりけり | kimarikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 決まりつ | きまりつ | kimaritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 決まりぬ | きまりぬ | kimarinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 決まれり 決まりたり |
きまれり きまりたり |
kimareri kimaritari |
| Volitional | 決まらむ | きまらむ | kimaramu |