返す

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See also: 返る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
返
かえ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
反す (rare)

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「返す」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		返す かえす
Imperative (命令形) 返せ かえせ
Key constructions
Passive 返される かえされる
Causative 返させる かえさせる
Potential 返せる かえせる
Volitional 返そう かえそー
Negative 返さない かえさない
Negative perfective 返さなかった かえさなかった
Formal 返します かえします
Perfective 返した かえした
Conjunctive 返して かえして
Hypothetical conditional 返せば かえせば

Verb

返(かえ)す • (kaesu) ←かへす (kafesu)?transitive godan (stem 返(かえ)し (kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (kaeshita))

Japanese verb pair
active 返す
mediopassive 返る
  1. to return (something)
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      私(わたし)のディスクを返(かえ)してください
      watashi no disuku o kaeshite kudasai
      Please return my disc

Conjugation

Conjugation of "返す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 返さ かえさ kaesa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 返し かえし kaeshi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 返す かえす kaesu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 返す かえす kaesu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 返せ かえせ kaese
Meireikei ("imperative") 返せ かえせ kaese
Key constructions
Passive 返される かえされる kaesareru
Causative 返させる
返さす 		かえさせる
かえさす 		kaesaseru
kaesasu
Potential 返せる かえせる kaeseru
Volitional 返そう かえそう kaesō
Negative 返さない かえさない kaesanai
Negative continuative 返さず かえさず kaesazu
Formal 返します かえします kaeshimasu
Perfective 返した かえした kaeshita
Conjunctive 返して かえして kaeshite
Hypothetical conditional 返せば かえせば kaeseba
Classical conjugation of "返す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 返さ かへさ kafesa
Continuative (連用形) 返し かへし kafesi
Terminal (終止形) 返す かへす kafesu
Attributive (連体形) 返す かへす kafesu
Realis (已然形) 返せ かへせ kafese
Imperative (命令形) 返せ かへせ kafese
Key constructions
Negative 返さず かへさず kafesazu
Contrasting conjunction 返せど かへせど kafesedo
Causal conjunction 返せば かへせば kafeseba
Conditional conjunction 返さば かへさば kafesaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 返しき かへしき kafesiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 返しけり かへしけり kafesikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 返しつ かへしつ kafesitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 返しぬ かへしぬ kafesinu
Perfect-continuative tense 返せり
返したり		 かへせり
かへしたり		 kafeseri
kafesitari
Volitional 返さむ かへさむ kafesamu

Derived terms

Suffix

返(かえ)す • (-kaesu) ←かへす (-kafesu)?godan (stem 返(かえ)し (-kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (-kaeshita))

  1. to repeat, to redo

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
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