青い

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
あお
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
靑い (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective あおし (awosi); from Old Japanese awo-,[1] from Proto-Japonic *awo.[2]

⟨awosi⟩ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → ⟨awoki1 (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /aoi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)

An intervocalic sound-change, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/, caused medial voiceless plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, and gliding, before being dropped.[3]

⟨awoki1 → */awokʲi/ → */awoɡʲi/ → */awoɣi/ → */awoji/ → */awoi//aoi/

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「青い
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 青く おく

Terminal (終止形) 青い
Attributive (連体形) 青い
Key constructions
Informal negative 青くない おくない
くない

Informal past 青かった おかった
かった

Informal negative past 青くなかった おくなかった
くなかった

Formal 青いです いです
Conjunctive 青くて おくて
くて

Conditional 青ければ おければ
ければ

Adjective

(あお) (aoiあをい (awoi)?-i (adverbial (あお) (aoku))

  1. blue
  2. (of vegetation or traffic lights) green
  3. pale
  4. unripe; green (inexperienced)
    おまえまだ(あお)
    Omae wa mada aoi.
    You're still green.

Inflection

Idioms

References

  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese awo-”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
  2. ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
  3. ^ Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
  4. 4.0 4.1 あお・い[あをい] 【青】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  5. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN