𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿

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Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants
Uyghur script 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻𐾅 (ʾwlws̤ /⁠uluš⁠/)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 (ʾwlws /⁠ulus⁠/)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 (ʾwlwq /⁠ulu⁠/)
Manichaean script 𐫀𐫇𐫓𐫇𐫢 (ʾwlwš /⁠uluš⁠/)
Sogdian script 𐼰𐼴𐼹𐼰𐼴𐽁 (ʾwlʾwš /⁠uluš⁠/)
Arabic script اولوس (ʾwlws /⁠ulus, uluš⁠/)
Syriac script ܐܘܠܘܫ (ʾwlwš /⁠uluš⁠/)
ܘܠܘܫ (wlwš /⁠uluš⁠/)
Brahmi script *𑀊𑀮𑀽𑀱𑁆 (*ūlūṣ /⁠ūlūš⁠/)
Han script 兀祿思 (ngwot.luwk.si /⁠olus⁠/)
ʼPhags-pa script ꡡ
ꡙꡟ
ꡛ (o.lu.s /⁠ulus⁠/)

Etymology

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwylmʾk /⁠ül-⁠/, “to share, to allot”) +‎ -𐽶𐽿 (-yš /⁠-uš⁠/), derived from Proto-Turkic *üle-. Compare Western Yugur ulis (“allotment, personal garden, region”), similarly from uliɣi (uli-, “to share, to separate, to allot”).

Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰆𐰞𐱁 (ul¹š /⁠uluš⁠/) and Karakhanid اُلُشْ (/⁠uluš⁠/, “village, city”).

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 (ʾwlwš /uluš/)

  1. (politics) country, realm, nation
    Synonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (ʾyl /⁠el⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽷 (kwk /⁠kuk, kük⁠/), 𐽲𐽳𐽳 (qww /⁠ḳuu, ḳuwü⁠/)
    • c. early 9th century, Sogdian Buddhist narrative text:
      𐼸 𐼰𐼴𐼾𐼴 𐼷𐼴𐼸𐼰𐽀𐼷 𐼸𐼻𐽂𐼴 𐼰𐼴𐼹𐼰𐼴𐽁 𐼰𐼻𐽂𐽀𐼷𐼱
      𐼼 𐼸𐼻𐽂𐼸𐼰 𐼸𐼹𐽂𐼷 𐽁𐼻𐼾𐼰𐼴𐼱𐼷𐼾𐼰𐼲𐽆𐼷 𐼷𐼹𐼻𐼸𐼰𐼴𐼲𐽆
      k ʾwpw ywkʾrdy kntw ʾwlʾwš ʾntryβ
      s kntkʾ klty cnpʾwdβypdʾq̣y ylnkʾwq̣
      / -upu? yügürdi, käntü uluš Antrivas käntkä kälti. Čanbudvipdaḳï yalaŋoḳ /
      ran , going back to their own country, to the city of Andhraviṣaya. The people in Jambudvīpa
    • c. 12th century, Tägirmänči Šäbi-kyä (ܬܟܝܪܡܢܨܝ ܫܦܝ ܟܝܐ), Treatise on god and devil U3890.v13-14:
      ܠܬܐ ܝܐܢܡܐܚܝܢܓ ܐܝܓ ܢ ܐܡܝܫܓܝ ܦܘ ܐܘܠܘܫܬܐ ܬܝܟܝܢܓܐ ܐܘܫܐ
      ܦܘ ܣܐܢܢܓ ܐܢܐܢܓ ܝܫܘܥ ܩܐܢܓ ܐܘܠ ܐܘܠܘܫ ܬܐ ܬܝܟܝ ܐܘܝܠܘܪܬܝܠܐܪ
      ltʾ yʾnmʾḥyng ʾyg n ʾmyšgy pw ʾwlwštʾ tykyngʾ ʾwš
      pw sʾnng ʾnʾng yšwʿ qʾng ʾwl ʾwlwš tʾ tkyk ʾwylwrtylʾr
      / -lta? yanmaḥïŋ ämišgi? bo ulušta, teginkä uša? bo sänŋ anaŋ, İšua Ḳaŋ, ulušta teki ölürtilär./
      in this kingdom , to the prince your mother, father Jesus, even in this kingdom they were killed.
  2. (figurative, rare) the world, the Earth
    Synonyms: 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyr /⁠yer⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (yyrtyncw /⁠yertinčü⁠/)
    𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 𐾀𐽰 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽹𐽶𐽴 𐾈
    mʾnkylyk ʾwlwš tʾ yʾšʾdymyz
    /Mäŋilig ulušta yašadïmïz./
    We lived in a joyful world.

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿
singular definite plural
nominative 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 (ʾwlwš) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwlwšlʾr)
genitive 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwlwšnwnk) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwlwšlʾrnynk)
dative 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽰 (ʾwlwšqʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwlwšlʾrqʾ)
accusative 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽳𐽲 (ʾwlwšwq), 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽺𐽶 (ʾwlwšny) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwlwšlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwlwšlʾrny)
locative 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽰 (ʾwlwštʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwlwšlʾrtʾ)
ablative 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwlwštyn) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwlwšlʾrtyn)
instrumental 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽳𐽺 (ʾwlwšwn) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwlwšlʾryn)
equative 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽽𐽰 (ʾwlwšcʾ)
directive 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwlwšqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽾𐽰 (ʾwlwšrʾ)
similative 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwlwšlʾyw)

Compound terms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • →? Middle Mongol: ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus)
    • → Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 (ʾwlws /⁠ulus⁠/) (reborrowing)
      • Western Yugur: ulis (“allotment, personal garden, region”)

References

  1. ^ Reborrowing from Mongolic.
  2. ^ Attested with first letter torn off.
  3. ^ Attested as 𑀮𑀽𑀮𑀽 (lūlū /⁠l ulu⁠/, “land and country”), with the final letter torn off from the foilo.
  4. ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0193_seite2.jpg (Only a tiny sliver of this fragment survives.)
  5. ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Altt%C3%BCrkische_Text_in_sogdischer_Schrift.htm (Referenz: Sogd222-223)
  6. ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u3890seite2.jpg
  • Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “uluş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 265
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “uluş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 152-153
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) “uluš”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 797
  • Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü‎ (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 64
  • Zieme, Peter (2015) Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 127
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