𑀫𑀭𑀡
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Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa). Cognate with Pali maraṇa.
Noun
𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) n
- death, dying
- c. 257 BCE, Aśoka, Major Rock Edict 13 Girnar line 1:
- 𑀥𑁄-𑀯 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀅𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀳𑁄-𑀯 𑀚𑀦𑀲 𑀢 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀦-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸
- dho-va maraṇaṃ-va apavāho-va janasa ta bāḍhaṃ vedana-mata-ca guru-mata-ca devā[naṃpi]
- slaughter, death, and deportation of people, this is considered very painful and deplorable by Dēvānaṁpriya
- 𑀥𑁄-𑀯 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀅𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀳𑁄-𑀯 𑀚𑀦𑀲 𑀢 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀦-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸
Alternative forms
Attested at Girnar.
| Dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (“death”) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀫𑀮𑀦 (malana) | |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨨𐨪𐨞 (maraṇa) | |
| Mansehra | 𐨨𐨪𐨞 (maraṇa) | ||
| West | Girnar | 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) | |
| Map of dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (“death”) | ||
|---|---|---|
Descendants
Further reading
- The template Template:R:inc-ash:Hultzsch does not use the parameter(s):
column=2
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Hultzsch, E (1925) Inscriptions of Aśoka (new edition), in Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 250. - Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “maraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 567
Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa), from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa). Cognate with Pali maraṇa, Gandhari 𐨨𐨪𐨣 (marana).
Noun
𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) n (Devanagari मरण, Gujarati મરણ, Kannada ಮರಣ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Ardhamāgadhī)
- death, dying
- c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 42:
- 𑀆𑀭𑀁𑀪𑀁𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀥𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲
𑀢𑀁 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁 𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀁𑀪𑁂-𑀯𑀺 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀉𑀡 𑀡 𑀳𑁄𑀇- āraṃbhaṃtassa dhuaṃ lacchī maraṇaṃ-va hoi purisassa
taṃ maraṇaṃ aṇāraṃbhe-vi hoi lacchī uṇa ṇa hoi
- 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
- If a man shows initiative, there is the prospect of either wealth or death.
Even if he lacks initiative, death is certain, wealth is not.
- If a man shows initiative, there is the prospect of either wealth or death.
- āraṃbhaṃtassa dhuaṃ lacchī maraṇaṃ-va hoi purisassa
- 𑀆𑀭𑀁𑀪𑀁𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀥𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲
- c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto XI, line 83:
- 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀻𑀡𑁄 𑀫𑀅𑀭-𑀳𑀭𑁄 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 𑀓𑀏𑀡 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀟𑀺𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁
𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀽𑀠𑀁 𑀡𑀸𑀳 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁂 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚-𑀯𑀺 𑀥𑀭𑀇 𑀅𑀓𑀅𑀡𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀫𑀳 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅𑀁- bolīṇo maara-haro majjha kaeṇa maraṇaṃ-pi de paḍivaṇṇaṃ
ṇivvūḍhaṃ ṇāha tume ajja-vi dharaï akaaṇuaṃ maha hiaaṃ
- 1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique
- Thou didst cross the ocean, and accept even death for my sake.
Thy task, my lord, was fulfilled, but my ungrateful heart beats even now.
- Thou didst cross the ocean, and accept even death for my sake.
- bolīṇo maara-haro majjha kaeṇa maraṇaṃ-pi de paḍivaṇṇaṃ
- 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀻𑀡𑁄 𑀫𑀅𑀭-𑀳𑀭𑁄 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 𑀓𑀏𑀡 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀟𑀺𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁 (maraṇaṃ) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (maraṇāiṃ) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (maraṇāi) |
| Accusative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁 (maraṇaṃ) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (maraṇāiṃ) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (maraṇāi) |
| Instrumental | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡 (maraṇeṇa) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (maraṇeṇaṃ) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (maraṇehi) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (maraṇehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀅 (maraṇāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀑 (maraṇāo) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀉 (maraṇāu) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸 (maraṇā) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (maraṇāhi) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (maraṇāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (maraṇassa) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡 (maraṇāṇa) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (maraṇāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (maraṇammi) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂 (maraṇe) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (maraṇesu) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (maraṇesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸 (maraṇā) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (maraṇāiṃ) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (maraṇāi) |
Derived terms
Terms inherited from *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀇𑀆 ~ *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀇𑀕𑀸 (*maraṇa-iā ~ *maraṇa-igā)
Terms inherited from *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀅 ~ *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀕 (*maraṇa-a ~ *maraṇa-ga)
Descendants
Terms inherited from 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa)
Further reading
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923–1928) “मरण”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: , page 674.
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 114, 133, 250
- Otto von Böhtlingk (1877) “मरण”, in Sanskrit-Chrestomathie (chapter “Prakrit-Index”) (in German), St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co., →OCLC, page 338 of 372
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 84, 20, 105.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “maraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 567