íar

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *eɸirom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi-rom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːa̯r/

Preposition

íar (with dative; triggers eclipsis)

1. after
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 124^b3

     Ní du ṡémigud pectha at·ber-som inso .i. combad dó fa·cherred: “ní sní cetid·deirgni ⁊ ní sní dud·rigni nammá”; acht is do chuingid dílguda dosom, amal du·rolged dïa aithrib íar n-immarmus.

     It is not to palliate sin that he says this, i.e. so that he might put it for this: “we have not done it first and we have not done it only”; but it is to seek forgiveness for himself, as his fathers had been forgiven after sinning.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129^c8

     in tan ṁberes claind, is fáilid íar sin

     when she bears children, she is joyous after that

2. according to
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 25^c5

     Foillsigthir as n‑ísel in doínacht íar n‑aicniud húare as in deacht foda·raithmine⟨dar⟩ ⁊ noda·fortachtaigedar.

     It is shown that the humanity is lowly according to nature because it is the Godhead that remembers it and helps it

Usage notes

When followed by a verbal noun, whose subject is introduced by do (“to, for”), íar may conveniently be translated with the conjunction “after”, for example:

• c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15^a20

  Ní foí⟨l⟩sitis déicsin a gnúsa íar mbid dó oc accaldim Dé, oc tindnacul recto dó.

  They would not have endured the beholding of his face after he had been conversing with God, at the bestowing of the law to him.

  (literally, “…after the being to him at conversing…”)

Inflection

Combined with a definite article:

• íarsin(d) (“after the sg”)
• íar(s)naib (“after the pl”)

Combined with a possessive determiner:

• íarna (“after his/her/its/their”)
• íarnar (“after our”)

Combined with the relative pronoun:

• íarsa (“after which”)

Derived terms

• íarar, íarair (“search”)
• aníar (“from the west”)
• íarraid (“to ask for”)
• íardaige (“result”)
• íarthar (“west”)
• íarum (“then”)

Related terms

• íarm-

Descendants

• Irish: ar (partly)

References

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 íar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 840, pages 515–16