żaden

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See also: zaden and zádén

Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish żadny, which see for more. Cognate with Czech žádný.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʐa.dɛn/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈʐɒ.den/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -adɛn
  • Syllabification: ża‧den

Pronoun

żaden

  1. no, none (not any of a given number or group)
    Synonym: wszelki
    Coordinate terms: co do jednego, każdy, wszelaki, wszystek
  2. no one, nobody
    Synonym: nikt

Adjective

żaden (not comparable, no derived adverb)

  1. (sometimes colloquial) no (not possessing any of the given characteristics)
    Synonym: nijaki

Particle

żaden

  1. (colloquial) indicates that the following item has none of the characteristics it should; no
  2. (colloquial) indicates that the realness of something isn't; no, no such

Declension

Derived terms

adverbs
noun
particles
proverb

Descendants

  • Belarusian: жа́дны (žádny)
  • Ukrainian: жо́дний (žódnyj)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), żaden is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 52 times in scientific texts, 33 times in news, 37 times in essays, 71 times in fiction, and 86 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 279 times, making it the 183rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “żaden”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 795

Further reading

  • żaden in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • żaden in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “żaden”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • ŻADEN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.11.2019
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “żaden”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “żaden”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “żaden”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 684