Τάρταρος
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Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- Τάρτᾰρᾰ (Tártara)
Etymology
According to Strabo, this word had been fancifully believed to have been invented by Homer with the city of Ταρτησσός (Tartēssós) in mind, with a slight change of letters, it being west of the Ἡράκλειοι Στῆλαι (Hērákleioi Stêlai), or Pillars of Heracles, beyond which the sun sinks past Oceanus as it enters into Tartarus. A semantic connection of Definition 2 with the doomed, sunken civilization of Atlantis has not been overlooked.
Klein suggests (at least partly) otherwise: "prob word of imitative origin, suggestive of something frightful."
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tár.ta.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/
Proper noun
Τάρτᾰρος • (Tártaros) m (genitive Ταρτᾰ́ρου); second declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ Τάρτᾰρος ho Tártaros | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ Ταρτᾰ́ρου toû Tartárou | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ Ταρτᾰ́ρῳ tôi Tartárōi | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν Τάρτᾰρον tòn Tártaron | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | Τάρτᾰρε Tártare | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- Ταρτᾰ́ρειος (Tartáreios)
- ταρτᾰρῐ́ζω (tartarízō)
- Ταρτᾰ́ρῐος (Tartários)
- ταρτᾰρῑ́της (tartarī́tēs)
- Ταρτᾰρόπαις (Tartarópais)
- ταρτᾰροῦχος (tartaroûkhos)
- ταρτᾰρόω (tartaróō)
Descendants
- → Asturian: Tártaru
- → Breton: Tartarus
- → Bulgarian: Тартар (Tartar)
- → Catalan: Tàrtar
- → Czech: Tartaros
- → Danish: Tartaros
- → Dutch: Tartarus
- → English: Tartarus
- → Finnish: Tartaros
- → French: Tartare
- → German: Tartaros
- Greek: Τάρταρος (Tártaros)
- → Hebrew: טרטרוס
- → Italian: Tartaro
- → Japanese: タルタロス (Tarutarosu)
- → Latin: Tartarus
- → Lithuanian: Tartaras
- → Low German: Tartaros
- → Luxembourgish: Tartaros
- → Norwegian: Tartaros
- → Polish: Tartar
- → Portuguese: Tártaro
- → Romanian: Tartarus
- → Russian: Та́ртар (Tártar)
- → Serbo-Croatian: Tartar
- → Sicilian: Tàrtaru
- → Slovak: Tartaros
- → Slovene: Tartar
- → Spanish: Tártaro, Tártaros
- → Swedish: Tartaros
- → Thai: ทาร์ทารัส
- → Turkish: Tartarus
- → Vietnamese: Tartarus
See also
- Τάνταλος (Tántalos)
References
- “Τάρταρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Τάρταρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “Τάρταρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- Τάρταρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “Τάρταρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,026