ταρταροῦχος

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Τάρταρος (Tártaros) +‎ ἔχω (ékhō) +‎ -ος (-os)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tar.ta.rûː.kʰos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tar.taˈru.kʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /tar.taˈru.xos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /tar.taˈru.xos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /tar.taˈru.xos/

Adjective

ταρτᾰροῦχος • (tartaroûkhos) m or f (neuter —); second declension

having charge of Tartarus (epithet of Selene and Hecate)

Declension

Attested only in the feminine singular

Second declension of ἡ τᾰρτᾰροῦχος; τῆς τᾰρτᾰρούχου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἡ τᾰρτᾰροῦχος hē tartaroûkhos
Genitive	τῆς τᾰρτᾰρούχου tês tartaroúkhou
Dative	τῇ τᾰρτᾰρούχῳ têi tartaroúkhōi
Accusative	τὴν τᾰρτᾰροῦχον tḕn tartaroûkhon
Vocative	τᾰρτᾰροῦχε tartaroûkhe
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: tartarūchus
- Old Catalan: tartaruga, tartuga
  - Catalan: tartuga
- Emilian: tartarùga
- Italian: tartaruga
  - → Galician: tartaruga
  - → Portuguese: tartaruga
  - → Spanish: tartaruga
- Old Occitan: tartuga, tortuga
  - → Middle French: tortue
    - French: tortue
    - Norman: tortue
    - → Middle English: tortou, tortu
      - English: turtle
      - → Irish: turtar
- Old Spanish: tartuga
  - Asturian: tortuga
  - → Basque: dortoka
  - Spanish: tortuga
  - → Medieval Latin: tortūca
- → Middle English: tortuse, tortuce, tortuge
  - English: tortoise

Further reading

“ταρταροῦχος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
“ταρταροῦχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

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