κάλυξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps related to καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), despite the difference in the final consonant. The expected form would be *κάλυψ (*kálups). Ultimately probably from Pre-Greek, perhaps related to Sumerian 𒃲(GAL).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ká.lyks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈka.liks/

Noun

κᾰ́λῠξ • (kálux) f or m (genitive κᾰ́λῠκος); third declension

A covering of a flower or fruit: calyx, husk, shell, pod
(in the plural, epic) Some kind of woman's ornament
The alkanet (Anchusa tinctoria, now Alkanna matthioli)

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ; τοῦ, τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ ho, hē kálux	τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε tṑ káluke	οἱ, αἱ κᾰ́λῠκες hoi, hai kálukes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος toû, tês kálukos	τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν toîn kalúkoin	τῶν κᾰλῠ́κων tôn kalúkōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ κᾰ́λῠκῐ tôi, têi káluki	τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν toîn kalúkoin	τοῖς, ταῖς κᾰ́λῠξῐ / κᾰ́λῠξῐν toîs, taîs káluxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν κᾰ́λῠκᾰ tòn, tḕn káluka	τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε tṑ káluke	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λῠκᾰς toùs, tā̀s kálukas
Vocative	κᾰ́λῠξ kálux	κᾰ́λῠκε káluke	κᾰ́λῠκες kálukes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

(Alkanet): ἄγχουσα (ánkhousa)

Descendants

Greek: κάλυκας (kálykas)
→ Latin: calyx
- → English: calyx
- → Galician: cáliz
- → Portuguese: cálice
- → Spanish: cáliz

References

“κάλυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“κάλυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“κάλυξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
κάλυξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bud idem, page 102.
- cup idem, page 189.
- ear idem, page 258.
- husk idem, page 412.
- pod idem, page 622.