κίβδηλος

Ancient Greek

Uncertain. Possibilities include:

Metathesized from the Semitic root כ־ד־ב (k-ḏ-b) / ك ذ ب (k-ḏ-b) (Hebrew כ־ז־ב (k-z-b)) related to lies. Namely it is the verbal noun Aramaic כִידְבׇּא (kiḏbā), Arabic كِذْب (kiḏb), كِذْبَة (kiḏba) with Hittite adjective formant -alla-. Another derivation of the Semitic root is attested in another borrowing as κίδαφος (kídaphos, “shrewd”).
According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

κίβδηλος • (kíbdēlos) m or f (neuter κίβδηλον); second declension

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	κίβδηλος kíbdēlos	κίβδηλον kíbdēlon	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κίβδηλοι kíbdēloi	κίβδηλᾰ kíbdēla
Genitive	κιβδήλου kibdḗlou	κιβδήλου kibdḗlou	κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin	κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin	κιβδήλων kibdḗlōn	κιβδήλων kibdḗlōn
Dative	κιβδήλῳ kibdḗlōi	κιβδήλῳ kibdḗlōi	κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin	κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin	κιβδήλοις kibdḗlois	κιβδήλοις kibdḗlois
Accusative	κίβδηλον kíbdēlon	κίβδηλον kíbdēlon	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κιβδήλους kibdḗlous	κίβδηλᾰ kíbdēla
Vocative	κίβδηλε kíbdēle	κίβδηλον kíbdēlon	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κίβδηλοι kíbdēloi	κίβδηλᾰ kíbdēla
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	κιβδήλως kibdḗlōs		κιβδηλότερος kibdēlóteros		κιβδηλότᾰτος kibdēlótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

“κίβδηλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“κίβδηλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
κίβδηλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Szemerényi, Oswald (1974) “The origins of the Greek lexicon: Ex Oriente Lux”, in The Journal of Hellenic Studies‎, volume 94, →DOI, pages 155–156

κίβδηλος • (kívdilos) m (feminine κίβδηλη, neuter κίβδηλο)