καρκίνος
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *karkros, with cognates including Latin cancer, and possibly Sanskrit कर्कट (karkaṭa), although relationship with the latter is less certain. There are elements which point to a non-Indo-European origin, perhaps Pre-Greek.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kar.kí.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /karˈki.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /karˈci.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /karˈci.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /karˈci.nos/
Noun
καρκῐ́νος • (karkínos) m (genitive καρκῐ́νου); second declension
- crab
- Cancer, the zodiac sign
- sore, ulcer, cancer
- items which resemble a crab's pincers
- pair of pincers, a type of torture instrument
- temple bones
- type of shoe
- type of bandage
- pair of compasses
- distillery
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ καρκῐ́νος ho karkínos |
τὼ καρκῐ́νω tṑ karkínō |
οἱ καρκῐ́νᾰ hoi karkína | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ καρκῐ́νου toû karkínou |
τοῖν καρκῐ́νοιν toîn karkínoin |
τῶν καρκῐ́νων tôn karkínōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ καρκῐ́νῳ tôi karkínōi |
τοῖν καρκῐ́νοιν toîn karkínoin |
τοῖς καρκῐ́νοις toîs karkínois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν καρκῐ́νον tòn karkínon |
τὼ καρκῐ́νω tṑ karkínō |
τοὺς καρκῐ́νᾰ toùs karkína | ||||||||||
| Vocative | καρκῐ́νε karkíne |
καρκῐ́νω karkínō |
καρκῐ́νᾰ karkína | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Synonyms
- (cancer): καρκῐ́νωμᾰ (karkínōma)
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “καρκίνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καρκίνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- καρκίνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- καρκίνος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- crab idem, page 181.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”)
Pronunciation
Noun
καρκίνος • (karkínos) m (plural καρκίνοι)
- (medicine) cancer (disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation)
- crab
- (astronomy, astrology) Cancer
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | καρκίνος (karkínos) | καρκίνοι (karkínoi) |
| genitive | καρκίνου (karkínou) | καρκίνων (karkínon) |
| accusative | καρκίνο (karkíno) | καρκίνους (karkínous) |
| vocative | καρκίνε (karkíne) | καρκίνοι (karkínoi) |
Related terms
- αντικαρκινικός (antikarkinikós, “anticancer”, adjective)
- καρκινική γραφή f (karkinikí grafí, “palindrome”)
- καρκινική επιγραφή f (karkinikí epigrafí, “palindrome”)
- καρκινικός (karkinikós, “cancer”, adjective)
- καρκινικός στίχος m (karkinikós stíchos, “palindrome”)
- καρκινοβασία (karkinovasía, “backward movement”)
- καρκινοβατώ (karkinovató, “to move crabwise”)
- καρκινογένεση f (karkinogénesi, “carcinogenesis”)
- καρκινογόνος (karkinogónos, “carcinogenic”, adjective)
- καρκινοειδή f (karkinoeidí, “crustacean”)
- καρκινοειδής (karkinoeidís, “crustacean”, adjective)
- καρκινολογία f (karkinología, “cancer research”)
- καρκινολόγος m (karkinológos, “cancer specialist”)
- καρκινοπαθής (karkinopathís, “cancer patient”, adjective)
- καρκινοφοβία f (karkinofovía, “cancerphobia”)
- καρκινώδης (karkinódis, “cancerous”, adjective)
- καρκίνωμα n (karkínoma, “carcinoma, cancerous growth”)
- καρκινωματώδης (karkinomatódis, “cancerous”, adjective)
Further reading
- καρκίνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
καρκίνος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
