μηδέ

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μηδ’ (mēd’) — apocopic

Etymology

From μή (mḗ, “not”) +‎ δέ (dé, “and, but”). Compare οὐδέ (oudé, “but not, and not”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mɛː.dé/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /me̝ˈde/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /miˈðe/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /miˈðe/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /miˈðe/

Conjunction

μηδέ • (mēdé)

(connecting two clauses, used with the same constructions as μή (mḗ)) but not, and not, nor
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.550, (compare 4.302)
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 754, (compare The Eumenides 714, The Suppliants 409)
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 481
1. (doubled, μηδέ...μηδέ, opposing the two clauses of a sentence)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.303
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 2.65
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 771
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 327C
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 255

Derived terms

μηδέτερος (mēdéteros)

Adverb

μηδέ • (mēdé)

(joined with a single word or phrase) not even
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.375
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.710
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.58
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 569

References

“μηδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“μηδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“μηδέ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
μηδέ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
μηδέ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“μηδέ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3366 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- even idem, page 284.
- neither . . . nor idem, page 555.
- not idem, page 562.

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