τραυλός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The suffix -λος is also found in other expressions for physical and psychical defects, such as τυφλός (tuphlós, “blind”), σιφλός (siphlós, “maimed”) and χωλός (khōlós, “lame”). Wackernagel connects the word to Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus, “dry, lacking water”), to which ἀτειρής (ateirḗs, “indestructible”) could belong as well. Yet the loss of -σ- in these words is improbable beside τρασιά (trasiá) and τέρσομαι (térsomai). Alternatively, the adjective could belong to τραῦμα (traûma, “injury”). The word might also be Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /trau̯.lós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /trawˈlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /traˈβlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /traˈvlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /traˈvlos/

Adjective

τραυλός • (traulós) m (feminine τραυλή, neuter τραυλόν); first/second declension

(of children) mispronouncing letters, stammering, lisping
(of swallows) twittering

Inflection

First and second declension of τραυλός; τραυλή; τραυλόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	τραυλός traulós	τραυλή traulḗ	τραυλόν traulón	τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλᾱ́ traulā́	τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλοί trauloí	τραυλαί traulaí	τραυλᾰ́ traulá
Genitive	τραυλοῦ trauloû	τραυλῆς traulês	τραυλοῦ trauloû	τραυλοῖν trauloîn	τραυλαῖν traulaîn	τραυλοῖν trauloîn	τραυλῶν traulôn	τραυλῶν traulôn	τραυλῶν traulôn
Dative	τραυλῷ traulôi	τραυλῇ traulêi	τραυλῷ traulôi	τραυλοῖν trauloîn	τραυλαῖν traulaîn	τραυλοῖν trauloîn	τραυλοῖς trauloîs	τραυλαῖς traulaîs	τραυλοῖς trauloîs
Accusative	τραυλόν traulón	τραυλήν traulḗn	τραυλόν traulón	τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλᾱ́ traulā́	τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλούς trauloús	τραυλᾱ́ς traulā́s	τραυλᾰ́ traulá
Vocative	τραυλέ traulé	τραυλή traulḗ	τραυλόν traulón	τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλᾱ́ traulā́	τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλοί trauloí	τραυλαί traulaí	τραυλᾰ́ traulá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	τραυλῶς traulôs			τραυλότερος traulóteros			τραυλότᾰτος traulótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ποικιλότραυλος (poikilótraulos)
τραυλίζω (traulízō)
τραυλισμός (traulismós)
τραυλοηχέω (trauloēkhéō)
τραυλότης (traulótēs)
τραυλόφωνος (traulóphōnos)
τραύλωσις (traúlōsis)
ὑπότραυλος (hupótraulos)

Descendants

→ English: traulism

References

“τραυλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“τραυλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
τραυλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN