Greek nouns of the first declension are feminine or masculine. In the Attic and Koine dialects, the lemma form of feminine nouns ends in -η, -ᾰ, -ᾱ (-ē, -a, -ā), and that of masculine nouns in -ης, -ᾱς (-ēs, -ās).
An overview of first-declension endings in Attic and Koine. The cases are placed in the order NVAGD rather than NGDAV so that syncretism can be shown. The dual and plural forms are identical in all first-declension nouns; the variation happens in the singular.
| case | singular | dual | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| feminine | masculine | |||||||
| eta | alpha | eta | alpha | |||||
| nominative | -η | -ᾰ | -ᾱ | -ης | -ᾱς | -ᾱ | -αι | |
| vocative | -η | -ᾰ | -ᾱ | |||||
| accusative | -ην | -ᾰν | -ᾱν | -ην | -ᾱν | -ᾱς | ||
| genitive | -ης | -ᾱς | -ου | -αιν | -ων | |||
| dative | -ῃ | -ᾳ | -ῃ | -ᾳ | -αις | |||
Note: These examples are forms from the Attic dialect.
| number | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | ||
| case | nominative | τῑμή (tīmḗ) χώρᾱ (khṓrā) |
τῑμᾱ́ (tīmā́) χώρᾱ (khṓrā) |
τῑμαί (tīmaí) χῶραι (khôrai) |
| vocative | ||||
| accusative | τῑμήν (tīmḗn) χώρᾱν (khṓrān) |
τῑμᾱ́ς (tīmā́s) χώρᾱς (khṓrās) | ||
| genitive | τῑμῆς (tīmês) χώρᾱς (khṓrās) |
τῑμαῖν (tīmaîn) χώραιν (khṓrain) |
τῑμῶν (tīmôn) χωρῶν (khōrôn) | |
| dative | τῑμῇ (tīmêi) χώρᾳ (khṓrāi) |
τῑμαῖς (tīmaîs) χώραις (khṓrais) | ||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ τῑμή hē tīmḗ |
τὼ τῑμᾱ́ tṑ tīmā́ |
αἱ τῑμαί hai tīmaí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς τῑμῆς tês tīmês |
τοῖν τῑμαῖν toîn tīmaîn |
τῶν τῑμῶν tôn tīmôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ τῑμῇ têi tīmêi |
τοῖν τῑμαῖν toîn tīmaîn |
ταῖς τῑμαῖς taîs tīmaîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν τῑμήν tḕn tīmḗn |
τὼ τῑμᾱ́ tṑ tīmā́ |
τᾱ̀ς τῑμᾱ́ς tā̀s tīmā́s | ||||||||||
| Vocative | τῑμή tīmḗ |
τῑμᾱ́ tīmā́ |
τῑμαί tīmaí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ χώρᾱ hē khṓrā |
τὼ χώρᾱ tṑ khṓrā |
αἱ χῶραι hai khôrai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς χώρᾱς tês khṓrās |
τοῖν χώραιν toîn khṓrain |
τῶν χωρῶν tôn khōrôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ χώρᾳ têi khṓrāi |
τοῖν χώραιν toîn khṓrain |
ταῖς χώραις taîs khṓrais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν χώρᾱν tḕn khṓrān |
τὼ χώρᾱ tṑ khṓrā |
τᾱ̀ς χώρᾱς tā̀s khṓrās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | χώρᾱ khṓrā |
χώρᾱ khṓrā |
χῶραι khôrai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ κρῐτής ho kritḗs |
τὼ κρῐτᾱ́ tṑ kritā́ |
οἱ κρῐταί hoi kritaí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κρῐτοῦ toû kritoû |
τοῖν κρῐταῖν toîn kritaîn |
τῶν κρῐτῶν tôn kritôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κρῐτῇ tôi kritêi |
τοῖν κρῐταῖν toîn kritaîn |
τοῖς κρῐταῖς toîs kritaîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν κρῐτήν tòn kritḗn |
τὼ κρῐτᾱ́ tṑ kritā́ |
τοὺς κρῐτᾱ́ς toùs kritā́s | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κρῐτᾰ́ kritá |
κρῐτᾱ́ kritā́ |
κρῐταί kritaí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ νεᾱνῐ́ᾱς ho neāníās |
τὼ νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ tṑ neāníā |
οἱ νεᾱνῐ́αι hoi neāníai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ νεᾱνῐ́ου toû neāníou |
τοῖν νεᾱνῐ́αιν toîn neāníain |
τῶν νεᾱνῐῶν tôn neāniôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ νεᾱνῐ́ᾳ tôi neāníāi |
τοῖν νεᾱνῐ́αιν toîn neāníain |
τοῖς νεᾱνῐ́αις toîs neāníais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν νεᾱνῐ́ᾱν tòn neāníān |
τὼ νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ tṑ neāníā |
τοὺς νεᾱνῐ́ᾱς toùs neāníās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ neāníā |
νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ neāníā |
νεᾱνῐ́αι neāníai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||