толь
Kalmyk
Etymology
Inherited from Written Oirat ᡐᡆᠯᡅ (toli), from Proto-Mongolic *toli. Cognate with Buryat толи (toli), Mongolian толь (tolʹ), etc.
Sense ‘dictionary’ was a semantic loan from Literary Chinese 鑑 (jiàn, “mirror; dictionary”) via Classical Mongolian ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli, “mirror; dictionary”).
Pronunciation
Noun
толь • (tolʹ)
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Mongolian
| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
|---|---|
| ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) | толь (tolʹ) |
Etymology
Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli), from Middle Mongol , from Proto-Mongolic *toli. Cognate with Khamnigan Mongol толи (toli), Buryat толи (toli), Kalmyk толь (tolʹ), Daur toly, East Yugur tooli, etc.
Classical Mongolian ᠲᠣᠯᠢ
ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ (toli bičig, “a dictionary”, literally “a mirror book”) was a semantic loan from Literary Chinese 鑑 (jiàn, “a mirror; a dictionary”), and also the equivalent of Manchu ᠪᡠᠯᡝᡴᡠ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ (buleku bithe, “a dictionary”, literally “a mirror book”).
Pronunciation
Noun
толь • (tolʹ); (hidden-n declension)
- mirror
- short for толь бичиг (tolʹ bičig, “dictionary”, endocentric compound)
- “Монгол хэлний зөв бичих дүрмийн журамласан толь” ― “Mongol xelnii zöv bičix dürmiin žuramlasan tolʹ” ― Mongolian Orthographic Dictionary
Declension
| attributive | толин tolin | |
|---|---|---|
| singular / indefinite | definite plural | |
| nominative | толь tolʹ |
толинууд tolinuud |
| genitive | толины toliny |
толинуудын tolinuudyn |
| accusative | толийг toliig |
толинуудыг tolinuudyg |
| dative-locative | толинд tolind |
толинуудад tolinuudad |
| ablative | толиноос tolinoos |
толинуудаас tolinuudaas |
| instrumental | толиор tolior |
толинуудаар tolinuudaar |
| comitative | тольтой tolʹtoj |
толинуудтай tolinuudtaj |
| privative | тольгүй tolʹgüj |
толинуудгүй tolinuudgüj |
| directive | толь руу tolʹ ruu |
толинууд руу tolinuud ruu |
| singular / indefinite | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | толио tolio |
толинуудаа tolinuudaa |
| genitive | толиныхоо tolinyxoo |
толинуудынхаа tolinuudynxaa |
| accusative | толийгоо toliigoo |
толинуудыгаа tolinuudygaa |
| dative-locative | толиндоо tolindoo |
толинууддаа tolinuuddaa |
| ablative | толиноосоо tolinoosoo |
толинуудаасаа tolinuudaasaa |
| instrumental | толиороо tolioroo |
толинуудаараа tolinuudaaraa |
| comitative | тольтойгоо tolʹtojgoo |
толинуудтайгаа tolinuudtajgaa |
| privative | тольгүйгээ tolʹgüjgee |
толинуудгүйгээ tolinuudgüjgee |
| directive | толь руугаа tolʹ ruugaa |
толинууд руугаа tolinuud ruugaa |
| independent genitive |
singular / indefinite | definite plural |
|---|---|---|
| singular possession |
толиных tolinyx |
толинуудынх tolinuudynx |
| collective possession |
толиныхон tolinyxon |
толинуудынхан tolinuudynxan |
Derived terms
References
- “толь I”, “толь II”, “толь III”, “толь IV”, in Монгол хэлний их тайлбар толь [Dictionary of the Mongolian Language] (in Mongolian), Institute of Linguistics of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 2016–present
- толь in Bolor tolʹ
Russian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
толь • (tolʹ) m inan (genitive то́ля, nominative plural то́ли, genitive plural то́лей)
- tarpaper (roofing and waterproofing material made by impregnating roofing paper with coal tar or shale oil products)
Declension
Descendants
- → Georgian: ტოლი (ṭoli)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *toli. Cognate with Polish tyle. See то́лько (tólʹko).
Adverb
толь • (tolʹ)