хаме
Old Novgorodian
Etymology
First attested in c. 1320‒1340. Borrowed from Volga Bulgar *xamï < Bulgar *xamɣï < Proto-Bulgar *xamġï (“patterned fabric”), from Old Turkic *qamqï, perhaps via Classical Persian کمخا (kamxâ, kemxâ, “damask silk”), ultimately from Middle Chinese 錦花 (kˠiɪmX-hˠua, “brocade-pattern”), from 金花 (kˠiɪm-hˠua, “golden flower”). Since the 9th century, the expression “golden flower” has undergone a series of semantic changes and has come to denote varieties of patterned fabrics that had “golden flowers” as a pattern on the material. The word was borrowed from southern Chinese dialects by Arabic and Persian traders and indirectly by various languages along the Silk Road. In Cantonese, the first part of the compound word sounded like 錦 / 锦 (kam), in this form it could be borrowed by traders from other countries, including the ancient Turks.
From Old Turkic come cognates such as Khakas kamġï, Tatar камка (qamka), Kyrgyz камка (kamka), Kazakh қамқа (qamqa), Bashkir ҡамҡа (qamqa), and also borrowed Old East Slavic камка (kamka, “silk patterned fabric”) first attested in 1408, 1472 and 1486, Old Ruthenian камка́ (kamká), Russian камка́ (kamká), Ukrainian камка́ (kamká) and Old Polish, Middle Polish kamcha (“name of the expensive material, damask”) in the 15th‒17th centuries. From Persian comes Ottoman Turkish كمخا (kemha, kimha), Turkish kemha, Crimean Tatar кимха (kimha), Greek καμουχάς (kamouchás) and Russian ка́нфа (kánfa), ка́нхва (kánxva).
Noun
хаме • (xame) m
- (hapax legomenon) canvas, cloth
- c. 1320‒1340, Schaeken, Jos (2019) Voices on Birchbark (SSGL; 43), Leiden, Boston: Brill, transl., Берестяная грамота № 288 , Novgorod:
- … хамоу ·г· лок … ꙁолотнике ꙁелоного шолкоу дроугии церленого · третии ꙁелоного жолтого ꙁолотнъ бѣлилъ на бѣлкоу мꙑла · на бѣлкоу боургалскога · а на дроугоую бѣлкоу …
- … xamu ·g· lok … zolotnike zelonogo šolku drugii ćerlenogo · tretii zelonogo žoltogo zolotnŭ bělilŭ na bělku myla · na bělku burgalskoga · a na druguju bělku …
- … canvas 3 cubits (…) A zolotnik of green silk, another (zolotnik) of red (silk), a third (zolotnik) of green-yellow (silk) (…)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | хаме xame |
хама xama |
хами, хамѣ xami, xamě |
| genitive | хама xama |
хамоу xamu |
хамъ xamŭ |
| dative | хамоу, хамови xamu, xamovi |
хамома xamoma |
хамомъ xamomŭ |
| accusative | хамъ, хама xamŭ, xama |
хама xama |
хамꙑ, хамѣ xamy, xamě |
| instrumental | хамъмь xamŭmĭ |
хамома xamoma |
хамꙑ xamy |
| locative | хамѣ xamě |
хамоу xamu |
хамѣхъ xaměxŭ |
| vocative | хаме xame |
хама xama |
хами, хамѣ xami, xamě |
Derived terms
- хамьць m (xamĭćĭ)
Descendants
- →⇒ Middle Russian: хамъꙗнъ (xamʺjan, “silk fabric”) (1624), хаміꙗный (xamijanyj) (1579)
- →⇒ Russian: хамо́вник (xamóvnik, “weaver, tablecloth maker”) (dialectal, archaic); хамо́вный (xamóvnyj) (archaic)
- ⇒ Russian: Хамо́вники (Xamóvniki, “Khamovniki, district of Moscow”)
References
- ^ Agyagási, Klára (2016 December) “On some oriental elements in Old Novgorodian and other Old Russian dialects”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
, volume 69, number 4, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt., , →ISSN, page 391‒396
- ^ Agyagási, Klára (2018 June) “О двух бродячих словах восточного происхождения в древнерусском языке ”, in Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (in Russian), volume 63, number 1, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt., , →ISSN, page 4‒6
- ^ Anikin, A. E. (2000) “ка́мка”, in Этимологический словарь русских диалектов Сибири. Заимствования из уральских, алтайских и палеоазиатских языков (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow, Novosibirsk: Nauka, →ISBN, page 249
- ^ Vasmer, Max (1967) “камка́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), volumes 2 (Е – Муж), Moscow: Progress, page 174
- ^ Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1910–1914) “камка́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – О), numbers 1–9, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 290
- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “камка́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 359
- ^ Anikin, A. E. (2000) “канфа”, in Этимологический словарь русских диалектов Сибири. Заимствования из уральских, алтайских и палеоазиатских языков (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow, Novosibirsk: Nauka, →ISBN, page 257
- ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 814
Further reading
- “хаме”, in “Birchbark Letters Corpus”, in Russian National Corpus, https://ruscorpora.ru, 2003–2025
Russian
Pronunciation
Noun
ха́ме • (xáme) m anim
- prepositional singular of хам (xam)