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Probably borrowed from some Iranian reflex of Proto-Iranian*kas-(“to be small, diminish, lessen”). Compare from that root Avestan𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬫𐬀𐬵(kasyah, “smaller, lesser”), Middle Persian(ks, “small(er), less(er), young(er)”), Persianکه(keh, “small”), Nayinikäs(“small”); Bactrianκισατο(kisato, “least, youngest”); Baluchi(kisān, kasān, “small”); Middle Persian(kʾstn'/kāstan/, “to diminish, decrease, lessen”), Persianکاستن(kâstan, “to decrease”). Further origin uncertain; compare perhaps Germanhager(“gaunt”) and Lithuaniankašėti(“to lessen, become thin, dry, weaken”). See ESIJa and Cheung for more on the Iranian words, without the Armenian. See also Old Armenianկրտսեր(krtser).
ի կէս, կիսով չափ ― i kēs, kisov čʻapʻ ― by half; half done
կէս ի կէս ― kēs i kēs ― in part, half, by halves, imperfectly
կէս ի կէս բանիւ խոստանալ ― kēs i kēs baniw xostanal ― to make a half promise; to promise with the lips, insincerely
կէս ժամ ― kēs žam ― half an hour
զտասն եւ կէս ժամաւ ― ztasn ew kēs žamaw ― at half past ten
կէս գիշեր ― kēs gišer ― midnight
կէսի ճանապարհին ― kēsi čanaparhin ― half way
հեռի իբր երկու եւ կէս խրասախօք ― heṙi ibr erku ew kēs xrasaxōkʻ ― about two leagues and a half distant
ի կանգնոյ եւ ի կիսոյ ― i kangnoy ew i kisoy ― a cubit and a half
ի տարւոջ եւ ի կիսում ― i tarwoǰ ew i kisum ― in a year and a half
ի կէսն վերածել ― i kēsn veracel ― to reduce to half
ի կէս աւուրց մեռանել ― i kēs awurcʻ meṙanel ― to die early, in the flower or bloom of youth
եթէ կիսոյ կէս ի մէնջ մեռանիցիմք ― etʻē kisoy kēs i mēnǰ meṙanicʻimkʻ ― if half of us die
մեծ կէս աշխարհին աւերացաւ ― mec kēs ašxarhin aweracʻaw ― half the country was ruined
եւ ահա ի կէս չէ/ոչ է ի կէս զոր պատմեցին ինձ ― ew aha i kēs čʻē/očʻ ē i kēs zor patmecʻin inj ― not half the truth was told me; that which was told me was not half the truth
^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 331–337
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 247
Further reading
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կէս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 581–582
Kerestedjian, Bedros (1945) Kerest Haig, editor, Étude philologique et lexicographique de 6000 mots et noms arméniens avec des comparaisons de 100.000 mots de 900 langues et des données historiques et géographiques (in French), London: Bernard Quaritch Ltd., page 218
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 360
Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կէս”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Viredaz, Rémy (2003) “The Great Armenian Puzzle is not Thorny”, in Annual of Armenian linguistics, numbers 22-23, page 64, footnote 21