אשם

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Hebrew

Root
א־שׁ־ם (ʾ-sh-m)

Pronunciation

Adjective

אָשֵׁם • (ashém) (feminine אֲשֵׁמָה, masculine plural אֲשֵׁמִים, feminine plural אֲשֵׁמוֹת)

  1. Guilty, responsible (for a crime, a misdeed, a result, etc.).
    נמצא אשם ברצח ― nimtsa ashém barétsakh ― found guilty of the murder
    אני מרגישה אשמה במה שקרה. ― aní margishá ashemá b'má shekará. ― I feel guilty about what happened.

Noun

אָשָׁם • (ashám) m

  1. Guilt.
    • Tanach, Numbers 5:7, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת חַטָּאתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת אֲשָׁמוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וַחֲמִישִׁתוֹ יֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ
      then they shall confess their sin which they have done; and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him in respect of whom he hath been guilty.
  2. A guilt offering.
    • Tanach, Leviticus 5:18, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וְהֵבִיא אַיִל תָּמִים מִן הַצֹּאן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ לְאָשָׁם אֶל הַכֹּהֵן וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן עַל שִׁגְגָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר שָׁגָג וְהוּא לֹא יָדַע וְנִסְלַח לוֹ
      And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, according to thy valuation, for a guilt-offering, unto the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning the error which he committed, though he knew it not, and he shall be forgiven.

Declension

Declension of אָשָׁם
Number Isolated forms With possessive pronouns
State Form Person singular plural
m. f. m. f.
singular indefinite אָשָׁם first אֲשָׁמִי אֲשָׁמֵנוּ
definite הָאָשָׁם second אֲשָׁמְךָ אֲשָׁמֵךְ אֲשַׁמְכֶם אֲשַׁמְכֶן
construct אֲשַׁם־ third אֲשָׁמוֹ אֲשָׁמָהּ אֲשָׁמָם אֲשָׁמָן

Derived terms

Verb

אָשַׁם • (ashám) (pa'al construction)

  1. To be guilty
    • Tanach, Numbers 5:7, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת חַטָּאתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת אֲשָׁמוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וַחֲמִישִׁתוֹ יֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ
      then they shall confess their sin which they have done; and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him in respect of whom he hath been guilty.

Conjugation

Conjugation of אָשַׂם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first אָשַׂמְתִּי אָשַׂמְנוּ
second אָשַׂמְתָּ אָשַׂמְתְּ אֲשַׂמְתֶּם1 אֲשַׂמְתֶּן1
third אָשַׂם אָשְׂמָה אָשְׂמוּ
present אוֹשֵׂם אוֹשֶׂמֶת אוֹשְׂמִים אוֹשְׂמוֹת
future first אֶאֱשַׂם נֶאֱשַׂם
second תֶּאֱשַׂם תֶּאֶשְׂמִי תֶּאֶשְׂמוּ תֶּאֱשַׂמְנָה2
third יֶאֱשַׂם תֶּאֱשַׂם יֶאֶשְׂמוּ תֶּאֱשַׂמְנָה2
imperative אֱשַׂם אִשְׂמִי אִשְׂמוּ אֱשַׂמְנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced אָשַׂמְתֶּם and אָשַׂמְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.
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