استعصم

• IPA^(key): /is.taʕ.sˤa.ma/

اِسْتَعْصَمَ • (istaʕṣama) X (non-past يَسْتَعْصِمُ (yastaʕṣimu), verbal noun اِسْتِعْصَام (istiʕṣām))

1. to adhere, to keep
2. to resort to, to take refuge in
3. to maintain, to preserve
4. to occupy in protest
5. to resist temptation, to refuse

   609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:32:

   قَالَتْ فَذَٰلِكُنَّ الَّذِي لُمْتُنَّنِي فِيهِ ۖ وَلَقَدْ رَاوَدتُّهُ عَن نَّفْسِهِ فَاسْتَعْصَمَ ۖ وَلَئِن لَّمْ يَفْعَلْ مَا آمُرُهُ لَيُسْجَنَنَّ وَلَيَكُونًا مِّنَ الصَّاغِرِينَ

   She said, "That is the one about whom you blamed me. And I certainly sought to seduce him, but he firmly refused; and if he will not do what I order him, he will surely be imprisoned and will be of those debased."

• Freytag, Georg (1830–1837) “استعصم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), Halle: C. A. Schwetschke
• Baalbaki, Rohi (1995) “استعصم”, in Al-Mawrid: A Modern Arabic-English Dictionary, 7th edition, Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lilmalayin, →ISBN
• Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “استعصم”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “استعصم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
• Wehr, Hans (1960) “استعصم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz