جاسوس

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Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܓܳܫܽܘܫܳܐ (gāšōšā), mixed into the root ج س س (j-s-s), or a phono-semantic matching from Classical Syriac with respect to the Arabic root.

Pronunciation

Noun

جَاسُوس • (jāsūs) m (plural جَوَاسِيس (jawāsīs))

  1. spy, sleuth

Declension

Declension of noun جَاسُوس (jāsūs)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal جَاسُوس
jāsūs 		الْجَاسُوس
al-jāsūs 		جَاسُوس
jāsūs
Nominative جَاسُوسٌ
jāsūsun 		الْجَاسُوسُ
al-jāsūsu 		جَاسُوسُ
jāsūsu
Accusative جَاسُوسًا
jāsūsan 		الْجَاسُوسَ
al-jāsūsa 		جَاسُوسَ
jāsūsa
Genitive جَاسُوسٍ
jāsūsin 		الْجَاسُوسِ
al-jāsūsi 		جَاسُوسِ
jāsūsi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal جَاسُوسَيْن
jāsūsayn 		الْجَاسُوسَيْن
al-jāsūsayn 		جَاسُوسَيْ
jāsūsay
Nominative جَاسُوسَانِ
jāsūsāni 		الْجَاسُوسَانِ
al-jāsūsāni 		جَاسُوسَا
jāsūsā
Accusative جَاسُوسَيْنِ
jāsūsayni 		الْجَاسُوسَيْنِ
al-jāsūsayni 		جَاسُوسَيْ
jāsūsay
Genitive جَاسُوسَيْنِ
jāsūsayni 		الْجَاسُوسَيْنِ
al-jāsūsayni 		جَاسُوسَيْ
jāsūsay
Plural basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal جَوَاسِيس
jawāsīs 		الْجَوَاسِيس
al-jawāsīs 		جَوَاسِيس
jawāsīs
Nominative جَوَاسِيسُ
jawāsīsu 		الْجَوَاسِيسُ
al-jawāsīsu 		جَوَاسِيسُ
jawāsīsu
Accusative جَوَاسِيسَ
jawāsīsa 		الْجَوَاسِيسَ
al-jawāsīsa 		جَوَاسِيسَ
jawāsīsa
Genitive جَوَاسِيسَ
jawāsīsa 		الْجَوَاسِيسِ
al-jawāsīsi 		جَوَاسِيسِ
jawāsīsi

Descendants

References

  • “جاسوس” in Almaany
  • “gšwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 243
  • Freytag, Georg (1830) “جاسوس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 277
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “جاسوس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 423
  • Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009) “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 176

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? jāsūs
Dari reading? jāsūs
Iranian reading? jâsus
Tajik reading? josus

Noun

Dari جاسوس
Iranian Persian
Tajik ҷосус

جاسوس • (jâsus) (plural جواسیس (javâsis) or جاسوسان (jâsusân))

  1. spy
    • c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 74”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎:
      نیست از رازِ نهانِ من خبر جاسوس را
      نبضِ من بندِ زبان گردید جالینوس را
      nēst az rāz-i nahān-i man xabar jasūs rā
      nabz-i man band-i zabān gardīd jālīnūs rā
      The spy has no news of my hidden secret;
      My pulse has closed its mouth to Galen.
      (Classical Persian romanization)
      (The second line refers to medieval doctors measuring the pulse of a patient, and also to a common trope where the doctor finds the secret beloved of a lovesick patient by measuring the pulse while speaking the names of various potential beloveds.)

Descendants

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian جاسوس (jāsūs), from Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs), from Classical Syriac ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšā).

Noun

جاسُوس • (jāsūs) m (Hindi spelling जासूस)

  1. spy
    • داؤد اورنگ آبادی (Dāud Auraṅgābādī) :
      دل میں خیالِ یار ہے جاسوس کی نمط
      رکھتا ہوں اس کوں ننگ سوں ناموس کی نمط
      dil mẽ xayāl-e-yār hai jāsūs kī namat
      rakhtā hū̃ is kū̃ naṅg sū̃ nāmūs kī namat
  2. detective

Declension

    Declension of جاسوس
singular plural
direct جاسوس (jāsūs) جاسوس (jāsūs)
oblique جاسوس (jāsūs) جاسوسوں (jāsūsõ)
vocative جاسوس (jāsūs) جاسوسو (jāsūso)
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