حسل

Freytag thought that since حَسَلَ (ḥasala) خَسَلَ (ḵasala) are tradited to mean “to repel, to propel vehemently, to cast off” just as سَخَلَ (saḵala) it would be the same word as سَخْل (saḵl, “offspring of a sheep or goat”). One has to add سِحْلِيَّة (siḥliyya, “lizard”), which also has metathetical forms in dialects and is itself judged post-classical, lacking in the Classical Arabic dictionaries unlike حِسْل (ḥisl). Semantic connection of it to سَحَلَ (saḥala, “to scrape off”) is difficult. Perhaps this and Middle Armenian խլէզ (xlēz, “lizard”) have to be ascribed to a colloquial Aramaic substrate related to חלד / ܚܠܕ (ḥlaḏ, “to crawl”) whence also Aramaic חוּלְדּא / ܚܘܠܕܐ (ḥuldā, “mole”) and thence Arabic خُلْد (ḵuld, “mole”) comes. In Neo-Armenian խլեզ (xlez) is also attested as a “slug”, which permits connecting Aramaic חְלָזֹונָא / ܚܠܵܙܘܿܢܵܐ (ḥəlāzōnā, “snail, slug”) whence Arabic حَلَزُون (ḥalazūn, “snail, slug”) is borrowed, itself formally corresponding to Jewish Literary Aramaic חִילִּיז, חִלִּיז (ḥillīz) which is translated as “cyst” and “one afflicted with an eye-disease called חֽלָּזֹון (hillāzōn, literally “slug”)”, of dubious vowelization and perhaps identical to the Syriac alternative form of the word for “snail, slug” shaped ܚܠܝܙܘܢܐ (ḥəlīzōnā); compare Classical Syriac ܚܰܠܳܕܺܝܬܳܐ (ḥalāḏīṯā, “gangrene”) and ܚܰܠܕܘܽܕܴܐ (ḥaləḏūḏā, “jerboa”) for the root use, Jewish Literary Aramaic חַלְּטָתָה, חַלְּטָתָא (ḥalləṭāṯā, “lizard”) for the variation.

• IPA^(key): /ħisl/

حِسْل • (ḥisl) m (plural أَحْسَال (ʔaḥsāl) or حُسُول (ḥusūl) or حِسْلَة (ḥisla) or حِسْلَان (ḥislān))

1. young of a spiny-tailed lizard, when it comes forth fresh from its egg and before it has fully hatched out (then it is called غَيْدَاق (ḡaydāq), then مُطْبِخ (muṭbiḵ), then خُضْرِم (ḵuḍrim), and an adult is ضَبّ (ḍabb))

• حُسَيْل (ḥusayl, “diminutive”)
• أَبُو حِسْل (ʔabū ḥisl, “adult spiny-tailed lizard”)
• ⇒? حِسَّل (ḥissal, certain spurges)

• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 361–362 for سِحْلِيَّة (siḥliyya).
• Jawharīy s.v.
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “حسل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 380b
  • via Freytag, Georg (1830) “خسل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 487a compared from سَخْل (saḵl) at Freytag, Georg (1833) “سخل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 296a
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “حسل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 569
• Löw, Immanuel (1912) “Aramäische Lurchnamen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 26, page 147
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 87

Unknown, possibly an alteration of the name of the spiny-tailed lizard babies since due to the yellow colour of the flowers these could be designed as such.

• IPA^(key): /ħis.sal/

حِسَّل • (ḥissal) m (obsolete, rare)

1. certain spurges, Euphorbia palustris, Euphorbia esula; Euphorbia cyparissias
   • a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:

     حسل: الرازي: يسمى باليونانية حسمى وهو بقل يشبه الصعتر الطويل الورق المعروف بالبرمر إلا أنه أعظم منه وأطيب رائحة فهو لذلك أجود للمعدة. قال صاحب الفلاحة: الحسمى هو الحسل يشبه الصعتر البستاني إلا أنه أغبر وهو أطول ورقاً من الصعتر، وفيه شيء يطول حتى ينطوي بعضه على بعض، ويطبخ مع الطعام ويؤكل نيئاً وهو يصلح المعدة ويطيب الجشاء ويصلح الطعام الفاسد فيها ويسرع إحدار الطعام ويطيب النكهة وقد يشفي من لدغة العقرب ونهشه الرتيل

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• → Old Italian: esula
  • → Middle French: esule

• Glessgen, Martin-Dietrich (1996) Die Falkenheilkunde des ‹Moamin› im Spiegel ihrer volgarizzamenti. Studien zur Romania Arabica (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie; 269/270)‎ (in German), Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, page 748